Effects of Exogenous Nitric Oxide on Germination and Physiological Properties of Basil under Salinity Stress

Authors

1 Department of Agronomy, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2 Department of Agronomy, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

3 Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran

4 Horticulture Research Institute, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is a bioactive molecule, which was found to have several physiological roles, including antioxidant. To have a better understanding of the effects of NO concentrations (0, 0.1 and 0.2 mM) on germination, growth, photosynthetic pigments, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under different salinity concentrations (0, 100 and 200 mM of NaCl), a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was carried out. Results revealed that salinity caused a significant decrease in germination characteristics and growth of basil. Increasing salinity concentration led to significant increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), proline content, malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage while content of photosynthetic pigments and relative water content were reduced. Application of NO (0.1 and 0.2 mM) under salinity stress improved germination traits, increased dry weight, chlorophyll content, antioxidant activity and proline content, while MDA content and electrolyte leakage were decreased. These results suggest that NO might induce salt tolerance in basil by preventing oxidative damage.

Keywords

References

1. Abdel Latef AA. Changes of antioxidative enzymes in salinity tolerance among different wheat cultivars. Cereal ResCommun.2010;38: 43-55.
2. Sheng M, Tang M, Chan H, Yang B, Zhang F, Huang Y. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on photosynthesis and water status of maize plants under salt stress. Mycorrhiza 2008;18:287-296.
3. Yurtseven E, Kesmez GD, Ünlükara FA. The effects of water salinity and potassium levels on yield, fruit quality and water consumption of a native central Anatolian tomato species (Lycopersicone sculentum). Agri Water Manag. 2005;78:128-135.
4. Munns R, Tester M. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Ann Rev Plant Physiol. 2008;59:651-681.
5. Gadallah MAA. Effects of indole-3-acetic acid and zinc on the growth, osmotic potential and soluble carbon and nitrogen components of soybean plants growing under water deficit. J Arid Environ. 2000;44:451-467.
6. Khan S, Singh. Abiotic Stress and Plant Responses, IK International, New Delhi, 2008.
7. Mittler R, Vanderauwera S, Gollery M, Van Breusegem F. Reactive oxygen gene network of plants. Trends Plant Sci. 2004;9:490-498.
8. Arasimowicz M, Floryszak-Wieczorek J. Nitric oxide as a bioactive signaling molecule in plant stress responses. Plant Sci. 2007;172: 876-887.
9. Guo FQ, Okamoto M, Crawford NM. Identification of a plant nitric oxide synthase gene involved in hormonal signaling. Science 2003;302:100-103.
10. Neill S, Desikan R, Clarke A, Hancock JT. Nitric oxide is a novel component of abscisic acid signaling in stomatal guard cells. Plant Physiol. 2002;128:13-16.
11. Pagnussat GC, Lanteri ML, Lamattina L. Nitric oxide and cyclic GMP are messengers in the indole acetic acid induced adventitious rooting process. Plant Physiol. 2003;132:1241-1248.
12. Zhao LQ, Zhang F, Guo J.K, Yang YL, Li BB, Zhang LX. Nitric oxide functions as a signal in salt resistance in the calluses from two ecotypes of reed. Plant Physiol. 2004;134:849-857.
13. Kopyra M, Gwozdz EA. Nitric oxide stimulates seed germination and counteracts the inhibitory effect of heavy metals and salinity on root growth of Lupinus luteus. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2003;41:1011-1017.
14. Wildt J, Kley D, Rockel A, Segschneider HJ. Emission of NO from higher plant species. J Geophys Res. 1997;102:5919-5927.
15. Uchida A, Jagendorf AT, Hibino T, Takabe T. Effects of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide on both salt and heat stress tolerance in rice. Plant Sci. 2002;163:515-523.
16. Topalov VD. In: Topalov VD (eds.) Essential Oil and Medicinal Plants. Hr. G. Danov Press, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 1962, pp. 200-209.
17. Simon JE, Quinn J, Murray RG. Basil: a source of essential oils. In: Janick J, Simon JE (eds.) Advances in New Crops. Timber Press, Portland, OR, 1990, pp. 484-489.
18. Darrah HH. The Cultivated Basils. Buckeye Printing Company, Independence, 1988.
19. Deshpande RS, Tipnis HP. Insecticidal activity of Ocimum basilicum L. Pesticides 1977;11:1-12.
20. Juliani HR, Simon JE. Antioxidant activity of basil. In: Janic J, Whipkey A (Eds.), Trends in New Crops and New Uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA, 2002, pp.575-579.
21. Lee SJ, Umano K, Shibamoto T, Lee KG. Identification of volatile components in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and thyme leaves (Thymus vulgaris L.) and their antioxidant properties. Food Chem. 2005;91:131-137.
22. Hayat S, Fariduddin Q, Ali B, Ahmad A. Effect of salicylic acid on growth and enzyme activities of wheat seedlings. ActaAgro Acad Scient Hung. 2005;53:433-437.
23. Lichtenthaler HK. Chlorophyll and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods Enzymol. 1987;148:350-382.
24. Bates LS, Waldern SP, Teare ID. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. PlantSoil1973;39:205-207.
25. Heath RL, Packer L. Photo peroxidation in isolated chloroplasts: II. Role of electron transfer. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1968;125:850-857.
26. Giannopolitis CN, Ries SK. Superoxide dismutase. I: Occurrence in higher plant. Plant Physiol. 1977;59:309-314.
27. Nakano Y, Asada K. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiol. 1981;22: 867-880.
28. Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. 1984;105:121-126.
29. Leshem YY, Haramaty E. The characterization and contrasting effects of the nitric oxide free radical in vegetative stress and senescence of Pisum sativum foliage. J Plant Physiol. 1996;148:258-263.
30. Belini MV, Lamattina L. Nitric oxide in plants: the history is just beginning. Plant Cell Environ. 2001;24:267-278.
31. Zheng C, Jiang D, Liu F, Dai T, Liu W, Jing Q, Cao W. Exogenous nitric oxide improves seed germination in wheat against mitochondrial oxidative damage induced by high salinity. Environ Exp Bot. 2009;67: 222-227.
32. Zhang H, Shen WB, Zhang W, Xu LL. Arapid response of β-amylase to nitric oxide but not gibberellin in wheat seeds during the early stage of germination. Planta 2005;220:708-716.
33. Hu KD, Hu LY, Li YH, Zhang FQ, Zhang H. Protective roles of nitric oxide on germination and antioxidant metabolism in wheat seeds under copper stress. Plant Growth Reg. 2007;53:173-183.
34- Gould KS, Lamotte O, Klinguer A, Pugin A, Wendehenne D. Nitric oxide production in tobacco leaf cells: a generalized stress response? Plant Cell Environ. 2003;26:1851-1862.
35. Zhang Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Wei Q, Zhang W. Nitric oxide enhances salt tolerance in maize seedlings through increasing activities of proton-pump and Na+/H+ antiport in the tonoplast. Planta 2006;224:545-555.
36. Beligni MV, Lamattina L. Nitric oxide counteracts cytotoxic processes mediated by reactive oxygen species in plant tissues. Planta1999;208:337-344.
37. Gilbert AG, Gadush MV, Wilson C, Madore MA. Amino acid accumulation in sink and source tissues of Coleus blumei Benth. during salinity stress. JExp Bot. 1998;49:107-114.
38. Simaei M, Khavari-Nejad RA, Saadatmand S, Bernard F, Fahimi H. Effects of salicylic acid and nitric oxide on antioxidant capacity and proline accumulation in Glycine max L. treated with NaCl salinity. Afr J Agric Res. 2011;6:3775-3782.
39. Tan J, Zhao H, Hong J, Han Y, Li H, Zhao W. Effects of exogenous nitric oxide on photosynthesis, antioxidant capacity and proline accumulation in wheat seedlings subjected to osmotic stress. World J Agric Sci. 2008;4:307-313.
40. Ashraf M. Biotechnological approach of improving plant salt tolerance using antioxidants as markers. Biotechnol Adv. 2009;27:84-93.
41. Ashraf M, Ali Q. Relative membrane permeability and activities of some antioxidant enzymes as the key determinants of salt tolerance in canola (Brassica napus L.). Environ Exp Bot. 2008;63:266-273.
42. Tseng MJ, Liu CW, Yiu JC. Enhanced tolerance to sulfur dioxide and salt stress of transgenic Chinese cabbage plants expressing both superoxide dismutase and catalase in chloroplasts. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2007;45:822-833.
43. Tuna LA, Kaya C, Dikilitas M, Higgs D. The combined effects of gibberellic acid and salinity on some antioxidant enzyme activities, plant growth parameters and nutritional status in maize plants. Environ Exp Bot. 2008;62:1-9.
44. Mittova V, Tal M, Volokita M, Guy M. Up-regulation of the leaf mitochondrial and peroxisomal antioxidative systems in response to salt-induced oxidative stress in the wild salt-tolerant tomato species Lycopersicon pennellii. Plant Cell Environ. 2003;26:845-856.
45. Li QY, Niu HB, Yin J, Wang MB, Shao HB, Deng DZ, Chen XX, Ren JP, Li YC. Protective role of exogenous nitric oxide against oxidative-stress induced by salt stress in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Colloids Surf B: Biointer. 2008;65:220-225.
46. Blum A, Ebercon A. Cell membrane stability as measure of drought and heat tolerance in wheat. Crop Sci. 1981;21:43-47.
47. Premchandra GS, Saneoka H, Fujita K, Ogata S. Leaf water relations, osmotic adjustment, cell membrane stability, epi-cuticular wax load and growth as affected by increasing water deficits in Sorghum. J Exp Bot. 1992;43:1569-1576.
48. Sreenivasulu N, Grimn B, Wobus U, Weschke W. Differential response of antioxidant compounds to salinity stress in salt tolerant and salt sensitive seedlings of foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Physiol Plant 2000;109:435-442.
49. Battacharjee S, Mukherjee AK. Ethylene evolution and membrane lipid peroxidation as indicators of salt injury in leaf tissues of Amaranthus seedlings. Indian J Exp Biol. 1996;34:279-281.
50. Dhindsa RS, Plumb-Dhindsa P, Throne TA. Leaf senescence: correlated with increased levels of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. JExp Bot. 1981;32:93-101.
51. Flower DJ, Ludlow MM. Contribution of osmotic adjustment to the dehydration tolerance of water stressed pigeon pea (Cajanas cajan Milsp) leaves. Plant Cell Environ. 1986;9:33-40.
52. Srivastava TP, Gupta SC, Lal P, Muralia PN, Kumar A. Effects of salt stress on physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat. Ann Arid Zone. 1998;27:197-204.
53. Sharma SK, Garg OP. Comparative study of osmotic and salt stress effects on nitrate assimilation in wheat. Curr Agric. 1983;7:36-40.
Journal of Medicinal plants and By-product
Volume 2, Issue 1
April 2013
Pages 103-113

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics