Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
Department of Arid Land and Desert Management, School of Natural Resources and Desert Studies, Yazd University, 8915818411, Yazd, Iran
2
Biology Department, Payame Noor University, 193954697, Tehran, Iran
3
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, P.O. Box 18735.136, Tehran, Iran
4
Department of Medicinal Plants, Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, P.O. Box 1318, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
The Black, Titicaca, and Multi-hued Bulk cultivars were cultivated in the arid and semi-arid regions of Iran to compare the phenolic compounds, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects of seed and leave extracts of Quinoa on the MCF7 cell line of breast cancer (at 100, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/mL concentrations). The bioactive compounds of samples were extracted using the hydroethanolic solvent using the Soxhlet method. According to this research, although the Titicaca seed extract had the highest total phenolic content at 1000 mg/mL (152 mgGAE/g), the highest average phenolic content was observed in the leaf extracts of all cultivars. So, the seed extract of the Black cultivar showed the highest flavonoid content at 1000 mg/mL (268 mg QE/gDW). The most increased DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed in the leaf extract of the Black cultivar (54.23%), and the highest ferric-reducing power was exhibited by Titicaca leaf extract at 1000 mg/mL (0.37 mmol Fe2+). The results indicated that the leaf extract of the Black cultivar had the lowest IC50 value (786.95 mg/mL). Based on the results, the leaf and seed extracts of Black and Titicaca cultivars were selected to examine the cytotoxic effects of Quinoa extracts on the MCF7 cell line due to their higher phenolic and antioxidant contents. The lowest MCF7 cell line viability percentage (13.92%) was observed in the leaf extract of the Black cultivar at 1000 mg/mL concentration after 72 hours. Regardless of the extract concentration, the leaf and Black cultivar were the superior organ and cultivar compared to other studied characteristics, respectively. In addition, 72 hours significantly yielded better results than other periods.
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