ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Priming Effect of on the Enhancement of Germination Traits in Aged Seeds of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Seeds Preserved in Medium and Long-term Storage
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a widely used medicinal plant possessing several pharmacological effects due to presence of active compounds. In order to study of seed priming effects on seedling growth of chamomile, an experimental design, based on randomized complete design with three replications was conducted under greenhouse conditions in Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands in 2014-2015. Experimental factors were A) three chamomile accessions as code of gene bank 8959 (Brojen), 15123 (Arak) and 23879 (Isfahan), B) five conservation methods including: medium-term storage (active cold room 4 °C for 15 years), long- term storage (basic cold room-18 °C for 15 years), regenerated seeds in open storage 22 °C for 2 years (Control) and aged seed under accelerated ageing )40 °C,98% of relative humidity for 48 and 72h) and C) priming treatments including: without priming /(control), osmopriming (PEG-0.3Mpa), hormonal priming (Gibberllic acid 250 and 500ppm), hydropriming (imbibition with distilled water). Data collected for seed emergence percent, root and shoot length, seedling length, vigor index, seedling weight and three Proxidase, Catalase and Super Oxid Desmotaz (SOD) enzymatic activities. Variance analysis showed significant effects of all factors and their interactions except accession by conservation interaction effects for seedling length (P<0.01). Result showed that that accession two accessions 23789 (Esfahan) and15123 (Arak had higher mean values than one other accessions for most of the traits in both medium-term and long- term storage. For aged seeds, the higher root length, seedling length mean values were obtained in 48h accelerate aging test. In comparisons between priming treatments, the higher means of traits were obtained in osmopriming except germination percent. For enzymes activity the trends of accession were not similar but the effect of osmopriming on catalase activity were high and stable in three accessions. The result of priming by conservation interaction showed that the higher seed emergence was obtained in regenerated seeds (control). The higher root length was obtained in accelerated aging test by application of all of priming treatments except hydropriming. For vigor index, hormonal priming (GA250) had higher effect followed by osmopriming. Similarly, for enzymatic activities GA500 had significant impact on proxidas and catalase. It was proved that two priming technique Osmo-priming using (PEG) and hormonal priming (Gibberllic acid) were effective method for recovery of aged seed.
https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_113144_372a41c9b88759a6c8c688746f226339.pdf
2017-04-01
1
9
10.22092/jmpb.2017.113144
Chamomile
Matricaria
deterioration
priming
germination
seedling growth
Leila
Falahhosseini
1
Department of Agronomy, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Alizadeh
alizadeh202003@gmail.com
2
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saeed
Vazan
3
Department of Agronomy, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
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34. Alivand R, Tavakol Afshari R, Sharifzadeh F. Effects of gibberellins, salicylic acid, and Ascorbic acid on improvement of germination characteristics on deteriorated seeds of Brassica napus. Iranian J Agric Sci. 2013;43:561-571.
34
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43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Priming on Germination and Enzyme Activity of Achillea vermicularis Seeds after Naturally and Accelerated Aging
Ageing induces seed deterioration expressed as the loss of seed vigor and/or viability. Priming treatment, which consists in soaking of seeds in a solution of low water potential, has been shown to reinvigorate aged seeds. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of naturally and accelerated aging on seed germination traits and enzyme activities (proxidase, catalase and superoxid dismutase) in three Achillea vermicularis accessions. Naturally aged seeds were provided from base (stored 10 or15 years at -18 °C) and active (stored 10 or 15 years at 4 °C) cold rooms of Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran. A two years harvested seeds of the accessions were aged under moisture of 100% and temperature of 40 °C for 48 and 72 hours. The seeds were primed by incubation for 24 hours at 15 °C in solution of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) −0.3 Mpa (as osmo-priming), gibberellic acid 250 and 500 ppm (as hormone-priming). Non-primed seeds were used as control. ANOVA suggested significant different among three accessions of A. vermicularis for all germination traits and enzymes activities. Results showed that responses of different accessions to aging and priming treatments were significantly different. The data demonstrated that catalase is a key enzyme for seed repair against ageing ROS-induced damage during priming treatment.
https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_113145_5683fab1b43da5527da47c4c7a844efb.pdf
2017-04-01
11
16
10.22092/jmpb.2017.113145
Achillea
deterioration
priming
germination
catalase
Leila
Rasoolzadeh
1
Department of Agronomy, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Parvin
Salehi Shanjani
psalehi@rifr-ac.ir
2
Natural Resource of Gene Bank Group, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamid
Madani
3
Department of Agronomy, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
AUTHOR
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15. Bradford KJ, Chen F, Cooley MB, Dahal P, Downie B, Fukunaga KK, Gee OH, Gurusinghe S, Mella RA, Nonogaki H. Gene expression prior to radicle emergence in imbibed tomato seeds, in: Black M, Bradford KJ, Vázquez R. (eds.) J Seed Biology: Advances and Applications, CABI International, Wallingford, UK. 2000;231-251.
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20. Burgass RW, Powell AA. Evidence for repair processes in the invigoration of seeds by hydration. Ann Bot. 1984;53:753-757.
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21. Sivritepe HO, Dourado AM. The effect of priming treatments on the viability and accumulation of chromosomal damage in aged pea seeds. Ann Bot. 1995;75:165-171.
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22. Bailly C, Benamar A, Corbineau F, Côme D. Changes in malondialdehyde con- tent and insuperoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase activities in sunflower seeds as related to deterioration during accelerated aging. Plant Physiol. 1996;97:104-110.
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24. Hamzeloo-Moghadam M, Khalaj A, Malekmohammadi M, Mosaddegh M. Achillea vermicularis a medicinal plant from Iranian Traditional Medicine induces apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Res J Pharmacogn. (RJP) 2015;2:1-5.
24
25. Abdual-baki AA, and Anderson JD. Relationship between decarboxylation of glutamic acid and vigor in soybean seed. Crop Sci. 1973;13:222-226.
25
26. Elstner, EF, Youngman R, Obwald W. Superoxide dismutase. In Bergmeyer J, Grabl BM (eds) Methods of Enzymatic Analysis vol. III. Enzymes oxidoreductases, 3rd ed. Weinheim: Verlag-Chemie. 1995;293-302.
26
27. Rincker CM. Germination of forage crop seeds after 20 years of subfreezing storage. Crop Sci. 1983;23:229-231.
27
28. Farooq M, Basra SMA, Tabassum R, and Afzal I. Enhancing the performance of direct seeded fine rice by seed priming. Plant Prod Sci. 2006;9:446-456.
28
29. Alivand R, Tavakol Afshari R, and Sharif Zadeh F. Effects of gibberellins, salicylic acid, and Ascorbic acid on improvement of germination characteristics on deteriorated seeds of Brassica napus. Iranian J Agri Sci. 2013;43:561-571.
29
30. Sajjadi Jaghoroghi SS, Alizadeh MA, Kalagari M. Effect of Osmopriming, Hydropriming and Pre-chilling on Seed Emergence Enhancement and Seedling Vigor of four Medicinal Species of Anthemis under Greenhouse Conditions. Bulletin UASVM Hortic. 2014;71:74-84.
30
31. Bailly, C. Active oxygen species and antioxidants in seed biology. Seed Sci Res. 2004;14:93-107.
31
32. Goel A, Goel AK, Sheoran IS. Changes in oxidative stress enzymes during artificial aging in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seeds. Plant Physiol. 2002;160:1093-1100.
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34. Siadat SA, Moosavi A, Sharafizadeh M. Effect of seed priming on antioxidant activity and germination characteristics of Maize seeds under different aging treatments. Res J Seed Sci. 2012;5:51-62.
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35. Alizadeh MA. Evaluation of percentage of germination, total speed of germination and vigor index of 17 medicinal plants species to ageing test. Proceeding of National Congress in Sustainable Development of Medicinal Plants, (NCSDMP), 27-29 July Mashhad. 2005;171-172.
35
36. Jan-Mohammadi M, Fallahnezhad F, Golsha M, Mohammadi H. Controlled aging for storability assessment and predicting seedling early growth of canola cultivars (Brassica napus L.). ARPN J Agric Biol Sci. 2008;3:22-26.
36
37. Ghassemi-Golezani K, Khomari S, Dalili B, Hosseinzadeh-Mahootchy B, Chadordooz-Jedi A. Effect of seed aging on field performance of winter oil seed rape. J Food Agric Envirn. 2010;8:175-178.
37
38. Bhattacharjee A, Kanp UK, Chakrabarti D, Pati CK. Technique for storage longevity of mung bean and sunflower seeds using sodium dikegulac and Eucalyptus oil. Bangla J Bot. 2006;3:55-61.
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47
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biofertilizers and Drought Stress Effects on Yield and Yield Components of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)
Effects of biofertilizers and stacosorb polymer* on yield and yield components of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) under drought stress were evaluated using a split-factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the agricultural research farm of Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran in 2013. The factors included drought condition (stressed and non-stressed) in the main plots, biofertilizer (nitroxin and barvar-2 phosphate) and stacosorb polymer [control and non-control] in the sub-plots. Results showed use of the biofertilizers had positive effects on the umbel number per plant, seed number per umbel, seed number per plant, harvest index, total dry matter, seed yield, plant height, and essential oil yield and percentage. The use of stacosorb had a significant positive effect on the plant height and seed number per plant under drought condition. The highest 1000-seed weight (4.82 g) was recorded in treatment with no fertilizer in the non-stressed plots. The highest total dry matter (192.7 g/m2) and seed yield (56.57 g/m2) were obtained from treatment with nitroxin in the non-stressed plots. The highest harvest index (45.24%) was recorded in treatment with the barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer in the non-stressed plots. In conclusion, the biofertilizers affected significantly on some important traits of fennel. Also stacosorb polymer could counteract the unfavorable consequences of drought stress.
https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_113146_da2af0867c18a3697f09aa3fd888a04d.pdf
2017-04-01
17
25
10.22092/jmpb.2017.113146
Biofertilizer
Drought Stress
Fennel
Oil
yield
Khosro
Azizi
azizi_kh44@yahoo.com
1
Lorestan University, College of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Khorramabad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Kapoor R, Giri B, Mukerji K G. Improved growth and essential oil Yield and quality in (Foeniculum vulgar Mill.) on mycorrhiza inculation supplemented with p- fertilizer. Biores Technol. 2004;93:307-311.
1
2. Kader M A. Effect of Azotobacter inoculant on the yield and nitrogen uptake by wheat. J Biol Sci. 2002;2:259-261.
2
3. Abo Baker AA, Mostafa GG. Effect of Bio-and Chemical Fertilizers on Growth, Sepals Yield and Chemical Composition of Hibiscus sabdariffa at New Reclaimed Soil of South Valley Area. Asian J Crop Sci. 2011;3:16-25.
3
4. Malbubi M A. Characteristics of Barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer. Jahad Daneshgahi Publication & Green Biotech Co. 2007;104. (In Persian).
4
5. Kizilkaya R. Yield response and nitrogen concentrations of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). Inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum strains. Eco Engin. 2008;33:150-156.
5
6. Keshavarz L, Farahbakhsh H, Golkar P. Effects of Different Irrigation and Superabsorbent Levels on Physio-Morphological Traits and Forage Yield of Millet (Pennisetum americanum L.). American-Eurasian J. Agric & Environ Sci. 2013;13:1043-1049.
6
7. Ghorbani A. Medicinal plants of Torkaman Sahra, Vol. 1. Publication of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran. 2005;124. (In Persian).
7
8. Khorsand A. Medicinal plants. Shahrab and Ayandeh Gostar Publication. 2006;197. (In Persian).
8
9. Gross M, Friedman J, Dudai N, Larkov O, Cohen Y, Bar E. Biosynthesis of Estragole and t-in bitter fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. vulgare) chemotypes. Changes in SAM: phenylpropene o-methyltranferase activities during development. Plant Science. 2002;163:1047-1053
9
10. Baser, K. H. C. and T. Ozek, Essential oils of Mediasia macrophylla and Foeniculum vulgar Millfrom Uzbekistan. J Essen Oil Res. 1997;9:246-250.
10
11. Falahi J, Koochaki AR, Rezvani- Moghadam P. Effect of biological fertilizers on qualitative and quantitative yield of Matricaria chamomilla L. Iranian J Field Crops Res. 2009;7:127-134. (In Persian).
11
12. Talaee A, Asadzadeh A. The effect of stacosorb hydrogel on decreasing desiccation in olive tree. The Third National Congress on Superabsoebent Hydrogel Agricultural Application. Iran Polymer & Petrochem Institute. 2005. (In Persian).
12
13. Mahfouz SA, Sharaf-Eldin MA. Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield and essential oil content of Fennel. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, National Res Center. Cairo. 2007;12622, Egypt.
13
14. Tabrizi L. Study of ecological characteristics of Thymus transcaspicus in natural environment and the possibility of its domestication in low input farming. PHD Thesis. Department of Agronomy (Ecology), School of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. 2007. (In Persian).
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15. Khoshvaghti H, Akrami M, Yusefi M, Baserkouchehbagh S, Hoseini M.Influence of seed inoculation with biological fertilizer on fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare) and coriander (Coriandrum Sativum) germination. Int J Biosci. 2013;3:108-114. (In Persian).
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16. Zehtab-Salmasi S. Eco-physiological effect of irrigation and sowing date on growth, yield, essential oil, and anthol in medicinal anise. PHD. Thesis. Department of Agronomy and Crop Breeding, Tabriz University. 2001. (In Persian).
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17. Tatari, M. Effect of different levels of salinity and irrigation on growth and yield of green cumin under the climatic condition of Mashhad. M. Sc. Thesis. Department of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. 2004. (In Persian).
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18. Zaid HA. Effect of Rhizobacteria and nitrogen fertilization on the yield of barley. J Agric Sci. Mansoura Uni. 1992;17:3981-3986.
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19. Madkour MA, Hassouna MG, Hassan MT. N2-fixation in newly introduced barley cultivars adaptable to arid conditions in Egypt. J Agric Res. 1987;32:351-363.
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20. Hosein Talaei Gh, Gholami S, Kobra Pishva Z, Amini Dehaghi M. Effects of Biological and Chemical Fertilizers Nitrogen on Yield Quality and Quantity in Cumin (Cuminum Cyminum L.)J Chem Health Risks. 2014;4:55-64. (In Persian).
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21. El-Hawary MI, El- Hawary I, Talman AM. El-Ghamary El-Naggar E. Effect of application of bio fertilizer on the yield and NPK uptake of some wheat genotypes as affected by the biological properties of soil. Pakistan J Biol Sci. 2002;5:1181-1185.
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22. Khalili-Mahalleh H, Heidari Sharfi A, Nourmohammadi G, Darvish F, Islam MH, Valizadegan E. Effect of superabsorbentpolymer (Tarawat A200) on forage yield andqualitative characters in corn under deficit irrigation condition in khoy zone (Northwest ofIran). Adv Environ Biol..2011;5:2579-2587.
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23. Khadem SA, Ghalavi M, Ramroodi M,Mousavi SR, Rousta MJ, Rezvani-Moghadam P. Effect of animal manure andsuperabsorbent polymer on corn leaf relative water content, cell membrane and leaf chlorophyll content under dry condition. Australian J Crop Sci. 2010;4:642-647.
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24. Surendra SR, Tomar KP, Gupta KP, Mohd A, Nigam KB. Effect of irrigation and fertility levels on growth and yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum). Indian J Agron. 1994;30:442-447.
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27. Kazemi-Saeed F. Effect of drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer on growth, mineral elements, tissue content, and essential oil of green cumin. M. Sc. Plant Science Department. Tarbiat Modares University. 2002. (In Persian).
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Planting Seasons on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.)
Concerns related to the rise of disposition to the application of the medicinal plants throughout the world have gone up on their cultivation and production processes. In order to study the effect of planting seasons on morphological traits, yield, oil content and oil composition of black cumin, an experiment was conducted under field condition in Mashhad, Iran in 2012-2013 as a randomized complete block design with two treatments and three replications. The treatments were included spring (April 2013) and autumn November 2012) planting dates. During growth seasons, the phonological stages in both autumn and spring were recorded. The results showed that the species could be planted well in spring and autumn. Also, results showed that with the delay in sowing from spring to autumn, plant height, branch number per plant, plant dry weight, LAI, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, seed number per plant, seed weight, and seed yield and oil content significantly decreased. Major constituents of fatty oil were determined as linoleic, palmitic and oleic acid. Spring sowing dates and maximum change was seen in linoleic acid from 55.71% in autumn to 55.5% in spring. Growth periods from sowing to fruiting stage were 187 and 103 days in autumn and spring sowing date, respectively.
https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_113147_0f78447bbfb9c98e66126e0435a61394.pdf
2017-04-01
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10.22092/jmpb.2017.113147
Black cumin
sowing date
yield
oil content
fatty acids
Zeinab
Safaei
zeynab.safaei313@gmail.com
1
Department of Horticulture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Majid
Azizi
2
Department of Horticulture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Gholamhossein
Davarynejad
3
Department of Horticulture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Aroiee
4
Department of Horticulture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Davazdah Emami S, Majnoon Hossein N. Cultivation and production of some medicinal and spice plants. Tehran University Press. 2008;300 pages.
1
2. Khoram Del S, kuchaki A, Nasirimahalati M, Ghorbani R. Effect of biofertilizers on growth indices of black cumin. J Agric Res. 2008;6:294-285.
2
3. Ramadan MF, Morsel JT. Characterization of phospholipid composition of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seed oil. Nahrung. 2002;46:240-4.
3
4. Salem M. Immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of the Nigella sativa L. seed. IntImmunopharmacol. 2005;1749-1770.
4
5. Terzi A, Coban S, Yildiz F, Ates M, Bitiren M, Taskin A, Aksoy N. Protective effects of black cumin (Nigella sativa) on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Invest Surg. 2010;23:21-27.
5
6-El-Mekawy MAM. Influence of planting date on growth and yield of Nigella sativa L.J Agric Environ Sci. 2012;12:499-505.
6
7. Omidbaigi R. Production and processing of medicinal plant (3 rdedition.Vol. 1). Razavi Ghods Astan Publication. 2009;347.
7
8. Davazdahemami S, Sefidkon F, Jahansooz MR, Mazaheri D. Comparison of biological yield, essential oil content and composition and phenological stages of moldavianbalm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) in three planting dates. J Medi Aroma Plants. 2008;24:263-270.
8
9. Dorry MA. Effects of seed rate and plantin dates on seed yield and yield components of Plantago ovata in dry farming. J Med Aroma Plants. 2006;22:262-269.
9
10. Borna F, Omidbaigi R, Sefidkon F. The effect of sowing dates on growth, yield and essential oil content of Dracoceph alummoldavica L. J Med Aroma Plants. 2007;3:307.
10
11. khodaparast MH, Khanzadeh F, Elhami AH. Physicochemical characterization of artichoke seed oil.
11
12. MoosaviGh MJ, Seghatoleslami M. Zareie H. The effect of planting date and plant density on morphological traits and essential oil yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). J Agric Crop Sci. 2012;4:496-501.
12
13. Hejazi S, Mirhadi M, Nourmohammadi Gh, Dehghanzadeh H. The Effect of planting date, organic and nitrogen manures on morphological traits and chlorogenic acid of Artichoke (Cynaras colymus L.). J Agro Plant Prod. 2013;4:45-49.
13
14. Boroomand-Rezazadeh Z, Rezvani Moghaddam P, Rashed Mohassel M Study of effect of sowing date and plant density on yield components and morphological traits of Trachyspermum copticum L. Proceedings of National Conference of Medicinal Herbs Sustainable Development. Mashad, Iran. 2005;215.
14
15. Moosavi SGR. Effects of different sowing dates and plant densities on yield and agronomic traits of fennel, isabgol and roselle in Birjand, Iran. Final report of research design in Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch, Birjand, Iran. 2011.
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16. Ghobadi ME, Ghobadi M. The effects of sowing dates and densities on yield and yield components of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). World Academy of Science, Engineer & Tech. 2010;70:81-84.
16
17. Rassam GA, Naddaf M, Sefidkan F. Effects of sowing date and plant density on seed yield and yield components of Pimpinella anisum. Res Sci J Iranian Minist Agric. 2007;20:127-133.
17
18. Mir B, Ghanbari Ravan S, Asgharipour M. Effects of plant density and sowing date on yield and yield components of Hibiscus sabdariffa in Zabol region. Adv Environ Biol. 2011;5:1156-1161.
18
19. Norozpoor G, Rezvanimoghaddam P. Effect of different irrigation intervals and plant density on yield and yield components of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa). Pajouhesh and Sazandegi. 2002;73:133-138.
19
20. Ahmad NU, Haque KR. Effect of row spacing and of sowing on the yield of Nigella sativa Bangeladesh. J Agric. 1986;11:21-24.
20
21. Zahtab Salmasi S, Javanshir A, Omidbeigi R, Aliari H, GhasemiGolezani K. 2003. Ecophysiological effects of irrigation and sowing date on growth, yield and yield components of Pimpinella anisum. J Agric Knowledge. 2003;13:37-49.
21
22. Fanaei HR, Akbarimoghadam HG, Keigha A, Ghaffarie M, Alli A. Evaluation of Agronomy and Essential Oil Components of Cuminum cyminum L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill and Nigella sativa L. in the Condition of Sistan region. J Med Aroma Plant. 2007;22:31-44.
22
23. Javadi H. Effect of planting dates and nitrogen rates on yield and yield components of black cumin (Nigella Sativa L.). 2009;6:59-66.
23
24. Bhadkariya SK, Gupta A, Bobade A, Kasana BS. 2007. Effect of different times of sowing on growth, Yield and seed quality of coriander (Coriandrum Sativum L.) cv. Cimpo S-33. Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika. 2007;7:229-232.
24
25. Tiwari RS, Agarwal A, Sengar SC . Effect of dates of sowing and number of cutting on growth, seed yield and economics of coriancer. Crop Res. 2002;23:324-329.
25
26. Rahimi MM, Normohammadi G, and Aeinehband A. The effect of planting date and nitrogen on yield and yieldcomponents of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). J Agric Sci. 2009;4:13-22.
26
27. SaddamA, Adel H, Abdel-Ghani A, and Haditha A.. Effect of Planting Date and Spacing on Growth and Yield of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare.) Under Irrigated Conditions. J Biol Sci.2012;15:1126-1132.
27
28. Adamsen FJ, Coffelt TA. Planting date effects on flowering, seed yield, and oil content of rape and cram be cultivars. Indust Crop Prod. 2005;21:293-307.
28
29. Filippo L, Moretti A, and Lovat A. Seed yield, yield, yield components oil content and essential oil content and composition of Nigella sativa L. and Nigella damascenal. Indust Crop Prod. 2005;15:59-69.
29
30. Riaz M, Syed M. and Chaudhary FM. Chemistry of the medicinal plants of the genus Nigella sativa. Hamdard Medicus. 1996;39:40-45.
30
31. Siadat SA, Hemayati SS. Effect of sowing date on yield and yield components of three oil seed rape varieties. Plant Ecophysiol. 2009;1:31-35
31
32. El Sayed AMA, Hussiney AH, and Yassa AI. Constituents of Nigella sativa oil and evaluation of its inhibitory effect on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspercillus parasiticus. Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau. 1997;93:149-152.
32
33. Nickavar B, Mojab F, Javidnia K, Amoli M A. Chemical composition of the fixed and volatile oils of Nigella sativa L. from Iran. Z. Natur forsch. 2003;58:629-31.
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34. Kizil S, Kirici S, Çakmak O, Khawar M. Effects of sowing periods and P application rates on yield and oil composition of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). J Food Agric Environ. 2008;6:242-246 .
34
35. Kizil S, Toncer O. The effect of row spacing on seed yield, yield components, fatty oil and essential oil of Nigella sativa L. J Crop Res. 2005;30:107-112.
35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of Altitude on Morphological Traits and Essential Oil Composition of Nepeta pogonosperma Jamzad and Assadi from Alamut Region
Nepeta is one of the biggest geniuses of Lamiaceae family which N. pungens, N. binaludensis, N. isphanica, N. pogonosperma and N. bracteata has been used traditionally in Iran. Nepeta pogonesperma is one of the endemic Nepeta species in Alamut region (Qazvin Province ). So in this research the aerial parts of Nepeta pogonesperma in full flowering stage were collected from Kheshchal altitudes of Alamut (2400, 2600 and 2800 m). Some main morphological characters of plant were measured. Essential oil were obtained by hydro distillation (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GC/MS. Results were showed that in high altitude (2800m) the yield and quantity of the essential oil components of plant were increased and the 1,8-cineole had the highest content (80.7%). 19 compounds were identified in the essential oil of this plant, Such as α-Pinene, Sabinene, β-Pinene, Myrcene, δ-3-Carene, ρ-Cymene, Limonene, 1,8-Cineole, Cis-Sabinene hydrate, Terpinolene, Linalool, Cis-p-Menth-2-en-1-ol, Pinocarvone, Borneol, Terpinen-4-ol, α-Terpineol, 4aα-7α-7aβ-Nepetalactone, α-Humulene and Viridiflorol. Variance analysis revealed that there was a significant difference between altitudes in the weight of leaf, stem and flower and total plant weight and oil percentage (α≤0.01). According to the means comparison of the highest leaf and flower weight were belonged to 2400 and 2600 m with 63.7 and 35.7g, respectively. The maximum amount of oil percentage and 1,8-Cineole were observed in 2400 m with 0.55 and 80.7%, respectively. In this research, there were many changes in altitudes in essential oil combinations, which can be increased the production and performance of Nepetalactone, by applying nature-generated modeling factors.
https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_113148_b7612832a358458a2064381a523e6db9.pdf
2017-04-01
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10.22092/jmpb.2017.113148
Altitudes level
habitat
1
8-cineole
nepetalactone
Masoumeh
Layeghhaghighi
1
Department of Horticultural Science, University of Guilan, University Campus 2, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Moazzam
Hassanpour Asil
m.hassanpour150@gmail.com
2
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bohloul
Abbaszadeh
3
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Sefidkon
4
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Matinizadeh
5
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Naseri GH. Examination of ecological requirements and identification chemical components essential oil of Tanacetum parthenium medicinal plant in different habitat west south Golestan province. MSc theses, Islamic Azad University Gorgan Branch. 2007.
1
2. Lebaschi MH, Matin A, Sharifi Ashorabadi A. Comparison of cultivated ecosystems and natural in production Hayperisin. J Pajouhesh & Sazandegi. 2002;16:48-54.
2
3. Habibib H, Mazaheri D, Majnoun Hosseini N, Chaeichi MR, Fakhre Tabatabaei M, Bigdeli M. Height effect on essential oil and components of Thymus kotschyanus Bioss. in Taleghan region of Alborz Province, Iran. J Pajouhesh and Sazandegi. 2006;73:2-10.
3
4. Saeb K, Kakouyi A, Babakhani A, Hoseyni Baldagi SA, Rahdari P, Pourshamsian K, Jafari Hajati K. Investigation the effect of height on component amount of Urtica dioica L. in Ramsar region of Gilan Province, Iran. J Plant Ecosyst. 2013;8:31-40 (In Persian).
4
5. Dehghan Z, Sefidkon F, Bakhshi Khaniki GhR, Kalvandi R. Effects of some ecological factors on essential oil content and composition of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. subsp. rigida (Boiss.). Iranian J Med Arom Plants. 2010;26:49-63.
5
6. Jamshidi AH, Aminzadeh M, Azarnivand H, Abedi M. The effect of height on essential oil quality and quantity of Thymus vulgaris. Case study: sub-lake basin of Tar, Damavand. 2006;18:17-22.
6
7. Lewis WH. Medical Botany (Plant Affecting Mans Health). Wiley- Interscience Publication/John Wiley & Sons, New York. 1991. 257p.
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8.Rechinger KH. Flora Iranika, AkademischeDruck-u Verlagsanstalt. 1982. Graz, No. 150.
8
9. Jamzad Z, Grayer RJ, Kite GC, Simonds MSJ, Ingrounille M. Jallili A. Leaf surface flavonoids in Iranian species of Nepeta (Lamiaceae) and some related genera. Biochem Syst Ecol. 2003;31:587-600.
9
10. Ghannadi A, Aghazari F, Mehrabani M, Mohagheghzadeh A,Mehregan I. Quantity and composition of the SDE prepared essential oil of NepetamacrosiphonBioss. Iranian Pharmaceut Res. 2003;2:103-5.
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11. Nostro A, Cannatelli MA, Giuseppe C, Alonzo V. The effect of Nepeta cataria extracts on adherence an enzyme production of Staphylococus aureus. Int J Antimicrob 2001;18:583-585.
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12 . Dabiri M, Sefidkon F. Chemical composition of Nepeta crassifolia Bioss. and Bush oil from Iran. Flav Fragr J. 2003;18:225-227.
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13. Amin GR. 1991. Popular Medicinal Plants of Iran. Iranian Ministry of Health Pub Tehran. Vol 1. pp: 40-1.
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14. Baser KHC, Kirimer N, Kurkcuoglu M,Demirci B. Essential oil of Nepeta species growing in Turkey. Chem Nat Comp. 2000;36:356-359.
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15. Sefidkon F, Akbari-nia A. Essential oil composition of Nepeta pogonosperma from Iran. J Essent Oil Res. 2003;15:327-328.
15
16. Shahmoradi AA. Manual the project of Autecolgy of important rangeland plant. Reserch Institute of forests & Rangelands. 1999;1:27-28(In Persian).
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17. Sefidkon F. Essential oil of Nepeta glomerulosa Bioss. From Iran. J Esse Oil Res. 2001;2:422-423.
17
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oil analysis. Edits., Sandra P, and Bicchi C, Dr. Alfred HuethigVerlag, Heidelberg. 1987;259-274.
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19. Davies NW. Gas Chromatographic Retention Index of Monoterpenes and Sesquiterpenes on Methyl silicone
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and Carbowax 20 M phases. J Chromatogr. 1990;503:1- 24.
21
20. Adams RP, Identification of essential oils by Ion trap Mass Spectroscopy. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.1989.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Morphological, Molecular and Phytochemical Variation in Some Thyme Genotypes
Thyme is an important medicinal plant in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. The first step for breeding of thyme is evaluating of genetic variation and relationship between thyme’s accessions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate morphology, chemical and molecular variation of 13 accessions of Thyme medicinal plant. ANOVA showed significant differences between accessions for total characterization tested. The dendrogram constructed on the basis of morphology similarities showed two major clusters. In order to evaluate the genetic variation, the genomic DNA was extracted using modified medicinal CTAB protocol. The evaluation of the of DNA quality was performed using electrophoresis. Twenty primers were used for PCR analysis and only 9 primers showed clear bands. Out of 149 bands, 83.22% were the polymorphism. The data were analyzed with SPSS and POPGENE programs and the dendrogram was drawn based on UPGMA and showed three major clusters. In order to evaluate the chemical variation, essential oil was obtained using Clevenger unit. ANOVA showed significant differences between accessions for total characterization test. Dendrogram for chemical variation showed two major clusters.Chemical and morphological traits’ matrices were formed using Statistical V5.5A software and were compared with genetic similarity matrices using GenAlex 6.1 software.
https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_113149_793b10163855704f6aebf437975bdca6.pdf
2017-04-01
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10.22092/jmpb.2017.113149
Marzieh
Dalir
1
East and North-East Region Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Abbas
Safarnejad
sebre14@yahoo.com
2
Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Morales R. The history, botany and taxonomy of genus Thymus Elisabeth Stahl- Biskup and Saez, F.(eds). The genus Thymus. 2002;1-124.
1
2. Omid Baigy R. Production and processing of medicinal plants. Second Volume. Astan Qods Razavi publications. 2007; 280 pages. (In Persian).
2
3. Stahl- Biskup E, Saez F. Thyme.1st ed. Talor and Francis. England, 2002. 346 pages.
3
4. Rahimmalek M, Bahreininejad B, Khorrami M, Tabatabaei S.B.E. Genetic variability and geographic differentiation in Thymus daenensis subsp. daenensis, an endangered medicinal plant, as revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Biochem Genet. 2009;47:831-842.
4
5. Amin G. Popular medicinal plants of Iran. Tehran University of Medical Sciences Press. Tehran. 2005. (In Persian).
5
6. GhasemiPirbalouti A, Karimi A, Yousefi M, Enteshari S, Golparvar AR. Diversity of Thymus daenensis Celak in central and west of Iran. J Med Plants Res. 2011;5:319-323.
6
7. Khoshsokhan F, Babalar M, Fatahi M, Poormeidani A. Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Some Wild Populations of Thymus Kotschyanus using RAPD Molecular Markers. Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova. 2014;3:71-81.
7
8. Alamdary S.B.L, Safarnejad A, Rezaee M. Evaluation of genetic variation between Thymus accessions using molecular markers. J Basic Appl Sci Res. 2011;1:2552-2556.
8
9. Alamdary S.B.L, Safarnejad A, Nematzadeh G.A. Using RAPD marker for genetic diversity assessment of several Thymus species. Iranian J Rangelands Forests Plant Breeding Gen Res. 2012; 20:192-201.
9
10. Bagherzadeh F. Genetic diversity assessment of thyme and evaluation of relationship using RAPD marker. MSc thesis. Ferdowsi University. Mashhad. Iran. 2009. (In Persian).
10
11. Echeverrigaray S, Agostini G, Atti-Serfini L, Paroul N, Pauletti G. F, Atti Dos Santos A.C. Correlation between the chemical and genetic relationships among commercial thyme cultivars. J Agric Food Chem. 2001;49:4220-422.
11
12. Trindade H, Costa M, Lima A. S, Pedro L .G, Ana C, FigueiredoJ, Barroso G. Genetic diversity and chemical polymorphism of Thymus caespititius from Pico, São Jorge and Terceira islands (Azores), Biochem System Ecol. 2008;36:790-797.
12
13. Trindade H, Costa M, Lima AS, Pedro LG, Ana C, FigueiredoJ, Barroso G. A combined approach using RAPD, ISSR and volatile analysis for the characterization of Thymus caespititius from Flores, Corvo and Graciosa islands (Azores, Portugal). Biochem Syst Ecol. 2009;37:670-677.
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14. Daftari Z, Safarnejad A. Karyotypic study of four Thymus species (T. pubescens, T. fedtschenkoi, T. daenensis, T. lancifolius). Iranian J Rangelands Forests Plant Breeding Gen Res. 2012;19:241-250.
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15. Zia A, Rezanejad F, Safarnejad A. In vitro selection for NaCl tolerance in Thymus vulgaris L. J Cell Mol Res. 2011;2:86-92.
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16. Fracaro F, Echeverrigaray S. Genetic variability in Hesperozygis ringens Benth. (Lamiaceae), an endangered aromatic and medicinal plant of Southern Brazil. Biochem Genet. 2006;44:479-490.
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17. Dyke F.V. Conservation biology, foundations, concepts. applications. 2008. Springer.
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19. Thompson JD. Population structure and the spatial dynamics of genetic polymorphism in thyme in Stahl – Biskup E. & Saez, F.(eds.) The genus Thymus. 2002;76 -122.
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20. Nematzadeh Gh, Kiani GH. Plant breeding book (classic methods). First Vollum. Mazandaran University publications. 2005. 456 pages. (In Persian).
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21. Hashemi H, Safarnejad A, Bagheri A. Investigation of genetic variation among Iran’s Persian Zira (Bunium persicum Boiss) landraces using RAPD marker. Iranian J Rangelands Forests Plant Breeding Genetic Research. 2009;16:239-246.
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22. Farsi M, Zolala J. Principles of Plant Biotechnology (Translation). The Ferdowsi University of Mashhad publications. Second edition. 2004. 495 pages.
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23. Akbarinia A, Sharifi Ashoorabadi A, Mirza M. Evaluation of performance, value and principalcompounds in the essential oil of (Thymus daenensis Celak.) cultivated in Qazvin. Investigation Med Arom Plants. 2010;26:205-212. (In Persian).
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50. Pluhár Z, Kocsis M, Kuczmog A, Csete S., Simkó H., Sárosi S., Molnár P., Horváth G. Essential oil composition and preliminary molecular study of four Hungarian Thymus species. Acta Bio Hungarica. 2012;63:81-96.
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51
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparative Study on Essential Oils of Lavandula officinalis L. from Three Different Sites with Different Methods of Distillation
Lavandula angustifolia Mill. syn. Lavandula officinalis Chaix was commonly known as lavender is a species of the genus Lavandula from Lamiaceae family is among the top 10 pharmaceutical plant. Lavender species are grown worldwide primarily for their essential oils, which are used in the food processing, aromatherapy products, cosmetics and perfumes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the essential oils composition of lavender (Lavandula officinalis L.) cultivated in 3 provinces, Esfehan, Tehran, and Alburzprovincein Iran. This research examines it has been done on effects of different methods of distillation and habitat conditions on quantity and quality of oil of Lavandula officinalis flowering top plants cultivated in three regions were collected and after drying at room temperature in shadow. Esstential oils were extracted with three methods of distillation (water, steam and water and steam). Thirty compounds were identified in the essential oils, respectively. Components of essential oils from the Lavandula officinalis L. were determined using gas chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The important components in the Kashan area from Isfahan provincewere1,3,8-p- menthatriene (37.7 upto 39.8%), γ- terpinene (17.1 upto 19%), Linalyl formate (13.1 upto 15.08%), oil yield were 8.54 upto 10.03%, respectively. The important components in the Alburzprovince were ,3,8-p-menthatriene (31.7 upto 34.2%), γ- terpinene (24.2 upto 26.4%), Linalyl formate (11.8 upto 14%), oil yield were 5.5 upto 6.12%, respectively. The important components in the Tehran province were 1,3,8-p- menthatriene (32.5 upto 34.1%), γ- terpinene (25 upto 29.8%), Linalyl formate (7.8 upto 9%), oil yield were 10.26 upto 12.13%, espectively.
https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_113150_19fc28a15d5865ceec53db85d143f940.pdf
2017-04-01
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10.22092/jmpb.2017.113150
Lavandula officinalis
essential oil
Cultivated
Distillation
Gas chromatography
Mahboobeh
Babaee Khalajee
babaie_20@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kamkar
Jaimand
camcarjaimand@yahoo.com
2
Phytochemistry Group, Department of Medicinal plants & By-products, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahla
Mozaffari
3
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Ahmad
Mirshokraie
4
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Balchin ML. “Lavender: The Genus Lavandula”, Taylor and Francis, Inc., London. UK. Hardcover: 296 pages , 2002.
1
2. Bailey LH. Staff, Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium, Hortus Third. Mac Millan Publishing Co. New York, NY. 1976.
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3. Jianu C, Pop G, Gruia AT, Horhat FG. Int J Agric Biol. 2013;15:772-776.
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4. Meessen LL, Bou M, Sigoillot JC, Faulds CB, Lomascolo A. Essential oils and distilled straws of lavender and lavandin: A review of current use and potential application in white biotechnology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2015;99:3375-3385.
4
5. Saadatian M, Aghaei M, Farahpour MR, Balouchi Z. Chemical composition of lavender (Lavandula officinallis L.) extraction extracted by two solvent concentrations. Global J Med Plant Res. 2013;1:214-217.
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6. Schulz V, Hansel R, Blumenthal M. Tyler VE. A Reference guide for physicians and pharmacists. “Rational Phytotherapy”, by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 2004;28:173-177.
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7. European Pharmacopoeia, 8th Edition, European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and Healthcare of the council of Europe, Council of Europe, Strasbourg. 2014.
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8. Baratta MT, Dorman HJD, Deans SG, Figueiredo AC, Barroso JG and Ruberto G. Antibacterial and anti-oxidant properties of some commercial essential oils. Flav Fragr J. 1998;13: 235-244.
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9. Moon T, Chan YF, Wilkinson JM, Cavanagh HMA. In Proceeding of AICA National Conference, Adelaide, Australia. 2004;46.
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10. Hui L, He L, Huan L, XiaoLan L, AiGuo Z. Chemical composition of lavender essential oil and its antioxidant activity and inhibition against rhinitis related bacteria. African J Microbiol Res. 2010;4:309-313.
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11. Kovačević N. “Bases of Pharmacognosy”, Serbian school book, Belgrade. 2004.
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12. Formacek K. Kubeczka KH. Essential oils analysis by capillary chromatography and Carbon -13 NMR Spectroscopy .J Wiley Sons New York. 1982.
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13. Venskutonis PR. Dapkevicius A, Baranauskiene M. Composition of the Essential Oil of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) from Lithuania .J Essent Oil Res. 1997; 107-110.
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14. Adams RP. Identification of essential oils by ion trap mass spectroscopy. Academic Press: New York. 1989.
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15. Shibamoto T. Retention indices in Essential oil analysis. In: Capillary Gas Chromatography in Essential oils analysis. Edits., Sandra, P. and Bicchi, C. Dr. Alferd Huethig Verlag, New York. 1987;259-274.
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16. Davies NW. Gas chromatographic retention index of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes on methyl silicon and carbowax 20M phases, J Chromatogrphy A. 1990;503:1-24.
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17. Taran M, Ghasempour HR, Shirinpour, E. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Ferulago angulata subsp. carduchorum. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2010;3:10-14.
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18. Mohammad BH, Abbas H, Lamia V. Behjat HA, Ali R. Essential oil constituents of Lavandula officinalis Chaix. from Northwest Iran. Chemija. 2011;22:167-171.
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19. Cowan MM. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clinical Microbiological Reviews. 1999;12:564-582.
19
20. Lawrence BM. Lavender oil. In: Essential oils 1992-1994; Allured Publishing: Carol Stream, IL. 1995;70-76.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Influence of Plant Growth Regulators on Callus Induction, Silymarin Production and Antioxidant Activity in Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) under Tissue Culture Medium
The Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. is the dicotyledonous herbs of the Asteraceae family that is important in medical industry. The biological active compound of S. marianum is a mixture of several flavonolignals generally known as silymarin. The purpose of this study was to optimize S. marianum tissue culture for callus induction, silymarin production and comparison of some biochemical traits between explants and its derived callus. In this experimental study, the seeds were surface sterilized and transferred to MS medium to achieve sterile seedlings. Then, the effects of different concentrations of 2,4-D either alone or in combination with Kin were investigated on callus induction and silymarin production of root and leaf explants from sterile seedlings. The experiment was performed in complete randomized design with three replicates. The results revealed that the highest percentage of callus induction and silymarin accumulation (14.4%) were observed with 0.5 and 1 mg/L 2,4-D and Kin in root explant after one month. The quantitative and qualitative data from HPLC method revealed that the major flavonolignans in the root and its derived callus was isosilybin B (ISBNB). But the main component in leaf explant and its derived callus was silydianin (SDN). The results showed that silymarin level in root and leaf explants was lower than their derived callus. Meanwhile lignin amount in the root and leaf explants was much higher than corresponding callus. In addition, peroxidase activity was significantly higher in callus derived from root explant, compared to leaf explant and its derived callus. The current data demonstrated that callus derived from root explants can be an efficient source for silymarin production.
https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_113151_b5c92da35770998edaa369a3db69e585.pdf
2017-04-01
59
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10.22092/jmpb.2017.113151
Antioxidant
Callus
Flavonolignan
silymarin
Sahar
Eari
1
Faculty of Science, Departement of Biology, Golestaan University, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahnaz
Aghdasi
m.aghdasi@gu.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Science, Departement of Biology, Golestaan University, Gorgan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Elham
Ahmadzadeh
3
Faculty of Science, Departement of Biology, Golestaan University, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Manijeh
Mianabadi
4
Faculty of Science, Departement of Biology, Golestaan University, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Nikolova MT, Ivancheva SV. Quantitative flavonoid variations of Artemisia vulgaris L. and Veronica chamaedrys L. in relation toaltitude and polluted environment. Acta Biol Szeged. 2005;49:29-32.
1
2. Cacho M, Moran M, Corchete P, Frarandez-Tarrago J. Influence of medium composition on the accumulation of flavonolignans in cultured cells of Silybum marianum (L) Gaertn. Plant Sci. 1999;144:63-68.
2
3. Kurkin VA, Zapeschnaya GG, Volotsueva AV, Avdeeva EV, Pimenovm KS. Flavolignans of Silybum marianum fruit. Chem Nat Prod. 2001;37:315-317.
3
4. Flora K, Hahn M, Banner K, Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) for the therapy of liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998;93:139-143.
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5. Kren V, Walterova D. Silybin and silymarin-New effects and application. Biomed Pap. 2005;149:29-41.
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6. Kropácová K, Misúrová E, Haková H. Protective and therapeutic effect of silymarin on the development of latent liver damage. Radiats Biol Radioecol. 1998;38:411-415.
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7. Santosh k. Silymarin and skin cancer prevention: Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. Int J Encol 2004;18:101-112.
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8. Sanchez-Sampedro MA, Fernandez-Tarrago J. Enhanced silymarin accumulation is related to calcium deprivation in cell suspension cultures of Silybum marianum. Plant Physiol. 2005;162:1-6.
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9. Kordi H, Aghdasi M, Khalafi M. An investigation on flavonolignans in different organs of Silybum marianum L. in Gorgan region. Iranian J Med Aroma Plants. 2013;3:651-665.
9
10. Rahnama H, Hasanloo T, Shams MR, Sepehrifar R. Silymarin production by hairy root culture of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Iranian J Biotech. 2008;6:113-118.
10
11. Elhaak M, Zayed M, Mattar M, Gad G, Dietz K. Optimization of Silybum marianum L. callus production and magnifying callus silymarin accumulation by elicitors or precursors. Int J Adv Pharm Biol Chem. 2016;5:148-161
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12. Asghari G, Saidfar GA, Mahmudi S. Biotransformation of Aromatic Aldehydes by Cell Cultures of Peganum harmala L. and Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Iranian J Pharm Res. 2004;3:127-130.
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13. HasanlooT, Khavari-Nejad RA, Majidi E, Shams Ardakani MR. Flavonolignan Production in Cell Suspension Culture of Silybum marianum. Pharmacol Biol. 2008;12:876-882.
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14. Rady MR, Matter MA, Ghareeb HA, Hanafy MS, Saker MM, Eid SA, Hammoda FM, Imbaby SI, Nazief NH. In vitro cultures of Silybum marianum and silymarin accumulation. J Genet Engend Biotechnol. 2014;12:75-79.
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15. Cimino C, Cavalli SV, Spina F, Natalucci C, Priolo N. Callus culture for biomass production of milk thistle as a potential source of milk clotting peptidases. Elect J Biotechnol. 2006;9:1-4.
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16. Khalili M, Hasanloo T, KazemiTabar SK, Rahnama H. Influence of exogenous salicylic acid on flavonolignans and lipoxygenase activity in the hairy root cultures of Silybum marianum. Cell Biol Int. 2009;33:988-94.
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17. Alikaridis F, Papadakis D, Pantelia K, Kephalas T. Flavonolignan production from Silybum marianum transformed and untransformed root cultures. Fitotrapia. 2000;71:379-384.
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19. Meda A, Lamien CE, Romito M, Millogo J, Nacoulma OG. Determination of the total phenolic, flavonoid and pralin contetents in Burkina Fasan honey, as well as their scavenging activity. Food Chem. 2005;91:571-577.
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20. Chang C, Yang M, Wen H, Chern J. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. J Food Drug Anal. 2002;10:178-182.
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23. Kar M, Mishra D. Catalase, peroxidase, and Polyphenoloxidase activities during Rice leave senescence. J Plant Physiol. 1976;57:315-319.
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24. Chance B, Maehly AC. Assay of catalase and peroxidases. Methods Enzymol. 1995;11:755-764.
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25. Hobbie LJ. Auxins, Molecular genetic approach in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol Biochem. 1998;36:91-102.
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28. El sheriff F, KhattabS, Ibrahim A. Improved silymarin content in elicited multiple shoot cultures of Silybum marianum L. Physiol Mol Biol Plants. 2013;19:127-136. 29. Saba M, Iqbal PS, Srivastav A. In Vitro Micropropagation of Silybum marianum L. from Various Explants and Silybin Content. J Plant Biochem Biotechnol. 2000;9:81-87.
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30. Heller W, Forkmann G. Biosynthesis. In: Harbone JB (ed) the flavonoids. London, UK: Chapman and Hall. 1988.
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31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Allelopathy Effects of Trifolium alexandrium L. on Germination and Nutrient Uptake in Medicinal Plant Peganum harmala L.
The present study focused on effects of Trifolium alexandrium L. extract (0.002, 0.004 and control) which is a fast-growing plant on germination, growth and nutrients uptake of medicinal plant Peganum harmala L. Results revealed that T. alexandrium extract had significant (P<0.01).effect on seed germination of P. harmala The maximum (54%) and minimum (28%) seed germination were observed at 0.002 and 0.004 treatments, respectively. The highest radical (11.27 mm) and pedicle (19.10 mm) lengths were obtained in the 0.002 treatment, and the minimum radical (4.05 mm) and pedicle (9.40 mm) length were related to 0.004 treatment. With increased extract concentration, dry weight of P. harmala decreased. Also, the maximum (15.79 mg g-1 fresh weight) and minimum (6.94 mg g-1 fresh weight) chlorophyll contents of P. harmala were observed at 0.002 and control treatments, respectively. The highest (6.08 mg g-1 fresh weight) and lowest (4.34 mg g-1 fresh weight) chlorophyll b and also the highest (4.89 mg g-1 fresh weight) and lowest (2.69 mg g-1 fresh weight) carotenoids contents were obtained in 0.002 and 0.004 treatments, respectively. Furthermore, T. alexandrinum extract had significant effects on the uptake of N, P, K, Zn and Mn. The maximum amount of N uptake (3.77%) was observed in the extract concentration of 0.002. The maximum (0.3%) and minimum (0.21%) P uptake was observed in the control and 0.004 treatments, respectively. With increasing the extract concentration K uptake was decreased. The maximum (0.22 and 0.19%, respectively) and minimum (0.14 and 0.15%, respectively) Zn and Mn uptake were observed in the control and 0.004 treatments, respectively. In general, results showed that high concentration of T. alexandrium extract has deterrent effects on seed germination and growth of P. harmala, so that lower concentration of extract, showed positive effect on seed germination plant growth.
https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_113152_d3fa4132149c85e8daafb0e2d01341ce.pdf
2017-04-01
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79
10.22092/jmpb.2017.113152
Plant growth
Photosynthesis
Peganum harmala L
Trifolium alexandrium L
Mahdieh
Ebrahimi
maebrahimi2007@uoz.ac.ir
1
Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Soil and Water Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Asma
Ricki Maryshany
2
Department of Range and Watershed Management, University of Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Ebrahmi
Shirmohammadi
3
Department of Soil Science and Engineering, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Ncube B, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Quality from the field: The impact of environmental factors as quality determinants in medicinal plants. South Afr J Bot. 2012;82:11-20.
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2. Aliabadi FH. Importance of coriander between the medicinal and aromatic plants in human food safety. International seminar on food safety and security. Grha Sabha Pramana, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 2010.
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3. El Gendy MA, El-Kadi AO. Peganum harmala. Differentially modulates cytochrome P450 gene expression in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Drug Metab Lett. 2009;3:212-216.
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6. Moloudizargari M, Mikaili P, Aghajanshakeri Sh, Asghari MH, Shayegh J.Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Peganum harmala and its main alkaloids, and angiogenic inhibitory effects.Pharmacogn Rev. 2013;7:199-212.
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10. Delshadi S.Effects of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Seed Germination and Growth of Bromus tomentellus, Onobrychis sativa and Avena sativa in Drought Stress. Range Management M.Sc. Dissertation. Iran: University of Zabol. 2015. (In Persian)
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11. Ranjbar S.Effect of edaphic and topographic factors on phytochemical characteristics of the medicinal plant Salvia hydrangea L. in Mazandran province. Range Management M.Sc. Dissertation. University of Zabol. 2014. (In Persian)
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34. Mahdavi M, Jouri MH, Mahmoudi J, Rezazadeh F, Mahzooni-Kachapi SS. Investigating the altitude effect on the quantity and quality of the essential oil in Tanacetum polycephalum Sch.-Bip. polycephalum in the Baladeh region of Nour, Iran. Chin J Nat Med. 2013;11:553-559.
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35. Rorison IH, Grime JP, Hunt R, Hendry GAF, Lewis DH. Frontiers of Comparative Plant Ecology. Academic Press, London. 1987.
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36. Ricki Maryshany A. Effects of Trifolium alexandrium, Artemisia sieberi and fertilizer onagree extract on germination and morphological properties of Peganum harmala and Prosopis cineraria. Range Management M.Sc. Thesis. University of Zabol. 2015. (In Persian)
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37. Skrzypek E, Repka P, Stachurska-Swakon A, Barabasz-Krasny B, Mozdzen K. Allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts from the leaves of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) on selected physiological processes of common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Not Bot Horti Agrobiol. 2015;43:335-342.
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38. Rassaeifar M, Hosseini N, Haji Hasani Asl N, Zandi P, Moradi Aghdam A. Allelopathic effect of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil on seed germination and seedling establishment of Amaranthus blitoides and Cyndon dactylon. Trakia J Sci. 2013;1:73-81.
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42. Ghorbanli ML, Bakhshi Khanegi GR, Shojaie AA. Survey of allelopathic potential of Artemisia siberi Beeseron Avena lodoviciana seedling and Amaranthus retroflexus.Pajouhesh & Sazandegi. 2008;129-134. (In Persian)
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43. Kazerooni Monfared S, Tokasi M, Banayan Awal M. Study of allelopathic effects of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrium) shoot aqueous extract on germination and initial seedling growth of some weed species. J Plant Prot. 2013;27:509-512. (In Persian)
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52
53. Alam SM, Ala SA, Azmi AR, Khan MA, Ansari R. Allelopathy and its role in agriculture. J Biol Sci. 2001;1:308-315.
53
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
In vitro shoot Proliferation of Hypericum perforatum L. through Indirect and Direct Plant Regeneration
Hypericum perforatum L. (St. Johns’ wort) is the most commercially important species of the genus Hypericum and contains a wide range of components including naphthodianthrones, phloroglucinols, tannins, xanthones, phenolic acids and essential oil. In order to establish an efficient protocol for regeneration, the effects of explant type and plant growth regulators on direct and indirect shoot regeneration in H. perforatum were evaluated. According to obtained results the media supplemented with 0.1 mg l-1 Benzyl Adenine (BA) was effective for shoot proliferation from shoot tip explants of H. perforatum that showed the highest shoots number (15.5 shoots per explant) and shoot height (2.07 cm). In second experiment a method for rapid micro propagation of H. perforatum through indirect plant regeneration from calli has been developed. The results demonstrated that a combination of auxin and cytokinin was needed for optimum callus induction and leaf segments were suitable explant for callus induction in H. perforatum. Callus induction was observed in most studied treatments but the highest callus volume (1.43 cm3) was obtained by leaf segments in media supplemented with 0.25 mg l-1 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)+1 mg l-1 Kinetin. Successful shoot regeneration from callus was observed in MS medium containing 0.5 mg l-1 BA, which resulted the highest shoot proliferation rate (61.75%) and maximum number of induced shoots (9 shoots per explant). All of shoots formed root in media with 0.5 mg l-1 Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) on which 100% of the regenerated shoots developed roots with an average number of 5 roots per shoot. The plantlets were acclimatized and transferred to the greenhouse with 80% survival. This in vitro propagation protocol should be useful for conservation as well as mass propagation of H. perforatum plant.
https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_113153_240e747b9622cdc85afad4a2fb7bd107.pdf
2017-04-01
81
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10.22092/jmpb.2017.113153
Hypericum perforatum L
Shoot formation
Callus induction
micro propagation
Manizhe
Abdollahpoor
mabdollahpoor@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Horticultural Science, Tehran Universitty, Karaj, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Siamak
Kalantari
2
Department of Horticultural Science, Tehran University, Karaj, Iran.
AUTHOR
Majid
Azizi
3
Department of Horticultural Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Yusef Ali
Saadat
4
Central Agriculture and Natural Resource of Fars Province, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
1. Crockett SL. Essential oil and volatile components of the genus Hypericum (Hypericaceae). Nat Prod Commun. 2010;5:1493-1506.
1
2. Karppinen K, Taulavuori E, Hohtola A. Optimization of protein extraction from Hypericum perforatum tissues and immunoblotting detection of hyp-1 at different stages of leaf development. Mol Biotechnol. 2010;46:219-226.
2
3. Greeson JM, Sanford B, Monti DA. St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum): A review of the current pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical literature. J Psychopharmacol. 2001;153:402-414.
3
4. Bilia AR, Gallori S, Vincieri FF. St Johns wort and depression. Efficacy, safety and tolerability-an update. Life Sci. 2002;70:3077-3096.
4
5. Barnes J, Anderson LA, Phillipson JD. St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.): a review of its chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties. J Pharmacy Pharmacol. 2001;53:583-600.
5
6. Gaudin M, Simmonet X, Debrunner N. Breeding for a Hypericum perforatum L. variety both productive and Colletotrichumgloeos poroidestolerant. J Herbs Spices Med Plants. 2002;9:107-120.
6
7. Moura M. Conservation of Hypericum foliosumaiton, an endemic Azorean species, by micro propagation. In vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant. 1998;34:244-248.
7
8. Cardoso MA, De Oliveira DE. Tissue culture of Hypericum brasiliense Choisy: shoot multiplication and callus induction. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 1996;44:91-94.
8
9. Mederos S, San Andrés L, Luis JG. Rosmanol controls explants browning of Hypericum canariense L. during in vitro establishment of shoots. Acta Societatis Botanic Poloniae. 1997;66:347-349.
9
10. Cellárová E, Kimákova K, Brutóvska R. Multiple shoot formation in Hypericum perforatum L. and variability of R0. Biol Plant. 1992;34:536-561.
10
11. Kartnig T, Brantner A. Secondary constituents in cell cultures of Hypericum perforatum and Hypericum maculatum. Planta Med. 1990;56:634-638.
11
12. Murashige T, Skoog F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol Plant. 1962;15:473-497.
12
13. Gamborg OL, Miller PA, Ojima K. Nutrient requirement of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Exp Cell Res. 1968;50:151-158.
13
14. Campble MH. Germination emergence and seedling growth of Hypericum perforatum. Weed Res. 1985;25:259-266.
14
15. Nedkov N. Research on the effect of pre-sowing treatment on seed germination of Hypericum perforatum L. Bulg J Agric Sci. 2007;13:31-37.
15
16. Clark N. The biology of St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L. var angustifolium DC.) in Ovens Valley, Victoria, with particular references to entomological control. Aust J Bot. 1953;1:95-120.
16
17. Fenner M. The effects of the parent environment on seed germinability. Seed Sci. Res. 1991;1:75-84.
17
18. Gutterman Y. Maternal effects on seeds during development. In: Fenner M. (ed.). Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. CAB International, Wallingford. 1992;27-59.
18
19. Cruz A, Perez B, Velasco A, Moreno JM. Variability in seed germination at the interpopulation and intraindividual levels of shrub Erica Australis in response to fire-related cues. Plant Ecol. 2003;169:93-103.
19
20. Ayan AK, Cirak C, Kevserolu K, Sokmen A. Effects of explants types and different concentrations of sucrose and phytoharmones on plant regeneration and hypericin content in Hypericum perforatum L. Turk J Agric For. 2005;29:197-204.
20
21. Murch SJ, Choffe KL, Victor JMR, Slimmon TY, Krishna Raj S, Saxena PK. Thidiazuron-induced plant regeneration from hypocotyl cultures of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum cv. "Anthos"). Plant Cell Rep. 2000;19:576-581.
21
22. Gadzovska S, Maury S, Ounnar S, Righezza M, Kascakova S, Refregiers M, Spasenoski M, Joseph C, Hagege D. Identification and quantification of hypericin and pseudohypericin in different Hypericum perforatum L. in vitro cultures. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2005;43:591-601.
22
23. Bezo M, Stefunova V. In direct regeneration of Hypericum perforatum L. under in vitro conditions. Acta Fytotechnica Et Zootechnica. 2001;4:277-279.
23
24. Santarem ER, Astarita LV. Multiple shoot formation in Hypericum perforatum L. and hypericin production. Braz J Plant Physiol. 2003;15:43-47.
24
25. Briskin DP. Medicinal plants and phytomedicines. Linking plant biochemistry and physiology to human health. Plant Physiol. 2000;124:507-514.
25
26. Yazaki K, Okuda T. Procyaninins in callus and multiple shoots of Hypericum erectum. Planta Med. 1990;56:490-491.
26
27. Kartnig T, Gobel I, Heydel B. Production of hypericin, pseudohypericin and flavonoids in cell culture of various Hypericum species and their chemotypes. Planta Med. 1996;62:51-53.
27
28. Dias AC, Tomas-Barberan FA, Fernandes-Ferreira M, Ferreres F. Unusual flavonoids produced by callus of Hypericum perforatum. Phytochem. 1998;48:1165-1168.
28
29. Mulinacci N, Giaccherini C, Santamaria AR, Caniato R, Ferrari F,Valletta A, Vincieri FF, Pasqua G. Anthocyanins and xanthones in the calli and regenerated shoots of Hypericum perforatum var. angustifolium Borkh. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2008;46:414-420.
29
30. Gadzovska S, Maury S, Delaunay A, Spasenoski M, Hagege D, Courtois D, Joseph C. The influence of salicylic acid elicitation of shoots, callus, and cell suspension cultures on production of naphtodianthrones and phenylpropanoids in Hypericum perforatum L. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 2013;113:25-39.
30
31. Pretto FR, Santarem ER. Callus formation and plant regeneration from Hypericum perforatum L. leaves. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 2000;67:107-113.
31
32. Blakesley D, Constantine D. Uptake and metabolism of 6-benzyadenine in shoot cultures of a range of species. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 1992;28:183-186.
32
33. Kirakosyan A, Hayashi HI, Inoue K, Charchoglyan A, Vardapetyan H. Stimulation of the production of hypericins by mannan in Hypericum perforatum shoot cultures. Phytochemistry. 2000;53:345-348.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Marketing Margin Analysis of Jujube (Case Study: Birjand)
Among Medical products, jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is very important due to its very high nutritional value. Jujube as one of the most valuable medicinal plants can play an important role in Iran's non-oil exports. In spite of this fact, unfortunately, the production, distribution and marketing of this product are confronted with a number of obstacles. Therefore, this study can help for identifying the market layers challenges of this product in accordance with the production. Since, the retail price has a significant effect on the marketing margin, if the margin control and preventing its increase is desired, it is necessary to adopt appropriate strategies as applying continuous monitoring, and avoid volatility and rising of prices. It seems the pattern of changes in retail jujube prices is similar to the pattern of changes in producer prices. The retail-margin function is influenced by retail price, retailer cost and the wholesale margin. The results of estimating of the marketing margin function indicate that the marketing margin have a direct relationship with the retail price.
https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_113154_2283958c8b51bfc5b0960c0a8bd946dc.pdf
2017-04-01
91
96
10.22092/jmpb.2017.113154
jujube
Marketing
Market margin
Seyed Yaghoub
Zeraatkish
drzeraatkish@gmail.com
1
Department of Agricultural Economics,Science and Research Branch,Islamic Azad University,Tehran ,Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences -Agricultural Marketing, Industry, Mine and Trade Org of Bushehr province. 2012.
1
2. Wohlgenant MK, Mullen J. Modeling the farm retail price spread for beef. West J Agric Economy. 1987;12:119-125.
2
3. Tavasoli B. Assessing the status and difficulties of marketing in Iran agricultural products, sixth Conf on Iran Agric Econ. 2007;1-11.
3
4.Karbasi A. Marketing of agricultural products, Nour-e-Elm publications, Hamedan, First Edition. 2009.
4
5. Golmohammadi F. Medicinal plant of Jujube (ziziphus jujuba) and its indigenous knowledge and economic importance in desert regions in east of Iran: situation and problems.Technol J Engin Appl Sci. 2013;3:493-505,
5
6. Najafi B. Kazemnejad, M. Agricultural production marketing in Iran. In statute of Researches Planning and Agriultural Economics, Tehran. 2004;21-46.
6
7. Zohorian A, Karbasi A. Investigate and Export jujube, Nat Conf Jujube, South Khor. 2012.
7
8. Hoshyari B. Khadivar H. Tomato marketing issues in Fars province (Case study: Kāzirūn County). J Sci Res Dev. 2015;2:105-110.
8
9. Estakhr, M and Esmaili, K. Economic Analysis of Kabkaab date internal marketing in Kazeroon. J Agric Econom. 2010;2:109-125.
9
10. Nasabian Sh. Studying the process of comparative advantage of Iran's date export and major world exporters. J Econom Sci. 2010; 6:83-107.
10
11. Ebiowei KP. Marketing Margin and Determinants of Net Return of Watermelon Marketing In Yenagoa Metropolis of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. J Exp Biol Agric Sci. 2013;1:241-247.
11
12. Onyemauwa CS. Marketing Margin and Efficiency of Watermelon Marketing in Niger Delta Area of Nigeria. Agricultur Trop ET Subtrop. 2010;43:196-201.
12
13. Daneshvar Ameri Z, Yazdani S. The analysis of the major effects on shrimp marketing margin. J Agric Sci. 2007;13:282-275.
13
14. Shirvanian A, Bahauddin N. Evaluation of tomato marketing in Fars Province, case study: Fasa city. Agric Econom Dev. 1999;26:77-98.
14
15. Tahmasebi A. Factors influencing marketing margin of chicken in Iran, Master's thesis on Agricultural Economics, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran. 2009.
15
16. Esmaili A, Najafi B, Rahmati D. Fish marketing in Hormozgan province. J Agric Econ Res. 2009;1:77-100.
16
17. Sheikhi F, Moheb U. Evaluation of date marketing and export issues in Khuzestan province, Bank of marketing articles. 2013;1-25.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Genetic Diversity Evaluation of Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) Ecotypes Using Morphological Traits and Molecular Markers
Genetic diversity of 12 lemon balm ecotypes was evaluated using agronomic traits as well as ISSR and RAPD markers. Results of analysis of variance showed high diversity among the studied ecotypes. Cluster analysis using UPGMA method grouped the ecotypes into three different groups based on the agronomic traits. Twelve ISSR primers created 106 polymorphic bands among the studied ecotypes. An ISSR primer called UBC813 with 16 bands and UBC811, UBC815 and UBC817 primers with 15 bands had the highest number of polymorphic bands and UBC825 with 8 bands had the lowest number of polymorphic bands. In addition, 10 RAPD primers, created 127 polymorphic bands, among them OPA-01with 22 bands and BB13 and OC4primers with 19 and 18 bands had the highest number of polymorphic bands. In contrast, OS-03and OB20markers had the lowest number of polymorphic bands with 14 and 15 bands, respectively. Polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged between 0.33 to 0.37 for ISSR markers and 0.31 to 0.37 for RAPD markers. Marker index (MI) value ranged between 1.11 to 4.38 for ISSR markers and 1.85 to 5.28 for RAPD markers. Cluster analysis using UPGMA method based on ISSR and RAPD markers results clustered the studied ecotypes into three and two different groups, respectively, by which the percentage of similarity of the two grouping method was about 50%. Grouping the ecotypes based on both molecular markers and agronomic traits matched each other about 40 to 60%.
https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_113155_f15c6c3a1cacd2b9bfdaae139dec84ed.pdf
2017-04-01
97
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10.22092/jmpb.2017.113155
cluster analysis
Genetic diversity
ISSR
RAPD
Mehdi
Rahimi
me.rahimi@kgut.ac.ir
1
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mojtaba
Kordrostami
2
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Saeidi H, Rahiminejad MR, Heslop-Harrison J. Retroelement insertional polymorphisms, diversity and phylogeography within diploid, D-genome Aegilops tauschii (Triticeae, Poaceae) sub-taxa in Iran. Ann Bot. 2008;101:855-861.
1
2. Sofalian O, Chaparzadeh N, Javanmard A, Hejazi M. Study the genetic diversity of wheat landraces from northwest of Iran based on ISSR molecular markers. Int J Agric Biol. 2008;10:466-468.
2
3. Shyamalamma S, Chandra S, Hegde M, Naryanswamy P. Evaluation of genetic diversity in jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) based on amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Genet Mol Res. 2008;7:645-656.
3
4. El Hadj Ali IB, Guetat A, Boussaid M. Genetic diversity and structure of wild Tunisian Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffm. et Link.(Lamiaceae) assessed using isozyme markers. Afr J Ecol. 2012;50:140-151.
4
5. Belhassen E, Atlan A, Couvet D, Gouyon P, Quétier F. Mitochondrial genome of Thymus vulgaris L.(Labiate) is highly polymorphic between and among natural populations. Heredity. 1993;71:462-462.
5
6. Alamdary S, Safarnejad A, Rezaee M. Evaluation of genetic variation between Thymus accessions using molecular markers. J Basic Appl Sci Res. 2011;1:2552-2556.
6
7. Smolik M, Jadczak D, Korzeniewska S. Assessment of morphological and genetic variability in some Thymus accessions using molecular markers. Not Bot Horti Agrobo. 2009;37:234-240.
7
8. Yavari A, Nazeri V, Sefidkon F, Zamani Z, Hassani M. Evaluation of genetic diversity among and within some endemic populations of thymus migricus klokov & desj.-shost using RAPD molecular markers. Iran J Med Aromat Plants. 2012;28:35-47.
8
9. Danaeipour Z, Fotokian MH, Talei D. Genetic diversity in Melissa officinalis accessions by leaf protein patterns. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences. 2016;8:88-96.
9
10. Aharizad S, Rahimi MH, Moghadam M, Mohebalipour N. Study of genetic diversity in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) populations based on morphological traits and essential oils content. Annals Biol Res. 2012;3:5748-5753.
10
11. Ghaffariyan S, Mohammadi SA, AhariZad S. Patterns of population diversity in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) as revealed by IRAP markers. J Plant Physiol & Breed. 2011;1:39-51.
11
12. Haidari P, Mehrabi AA, Nasrollah Nejad Ghomi AA. Genetic diversity of balm (Melissa officinalis L.) landraces and genetic relationship within and between them using ITS markers. J Crop Breed. 2014;6:29-39. (In Farsi).
12
13. Noroozy S, Sharafi Y, Talei D, Naji AM (2016) Evaluation of genetic diversity among Melissa officinalis accessions based on SRAP marker. Paper presented at the Second International & Fourteenth Iranian Genetics Congress, Shahid beheshti University International Conferences Center, 21th to 23th May, Tehran, Iran.
13
14. Murray M, Thompson WF. Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980;8:4321-4326.
14
15. Kimura M, Crow JF. The number of alleles that can be maintained in a finite population. Genetics. 1964;49:725-738.
15
16. Yeh F, Yang R-C, Boyle TJB, Ye Z-H, Mao JX. POPGENE, the user-friendly shareware for population genetic analysis. vol 129. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Centre, University of Alberta, Canada.
16
17. Anderson JA, Churchill G, Autrique J, Tanksley S, Sorrells M. Optimizing parental selection for genetic linkage maps. Genome. 1993;36:181-186.
17
18. Botstein D, White RL, Skolnick M, Davis RW. Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Am J Hum Genet. 1980;32:314.
18
19. Nei M. Genetic distance between populations. Am Nat. 1972;106:283-292.
19
20. Lewontin RC. The apportionment of human diversity. In: Dobzhansky T, Hecht MK, Steere WC (eds) Evolutionary biology. Springer, US. 1972;381-398.
20
21. Rohlf F. NTSYS-pc numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system. Ver. 2.02e. Inc, New York.
21
22. Fisher RA. The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems. Ann Hum Genet. 1936;7:179-188.
22
23. Solouki M, Mehdikhani H, Zeinali H, Emamjomeh A. Study of genetic diversity in Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) based on morphological traits and molecular markers. Sci Hort. 2008;117:281-287.
23
24. Pirkhezri M, Hassani M, Hadian J. Genetic Diversity in Different Populations of Matricaria chamomilla L. Growing in Southwest of Iran, Based on Morphological. J Med Plants Res. 2010;4:1-13.
24
25. Heidary S, Marashi H, Farsi M, Mirshamsi Kakhki A. Assessment of genetic structure and variation of native Berberis populations of Khorasan provinces (Iran) using AFLP markers versus morphological markers. Iran J Biotech. 2009;7:101-107.
25
26. Zhang J-T, Xu B, Li.M. Genetic diversity of populations of an endangered medicinal plant species (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) in different environments of North China. J Med Plants Res. 2010;4:830-836.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Bulb Production of 38 Iranian Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Cultivars in Greenhouse Conditions
The study was carried out with 38 collected garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars from 3 important garlic production area in Iran (Zanjan, Hamadan and Mazandaran). The cloves were planted in 30 × 30 cm pots in control conditions (average temperature: 20 °C and 60 % RH). Randomized complete block design with 3 replications was conducted. The bulbing characteristics such as bulb weight, bulb circumference and number of cloves per bulb were evaluated. Although all 38 parental bulbs had multiple cloves, but only few cultivars have produced multi cloves in greenhouse conditions. Two classes of garlic cultivars were observed. Class A including 26 cultivars formed only single clove that their bulb weights were varied between 7 to 25.2 g. Class B including 12 cultivars were produce normal bulbs. The cultivar of Zanjan had the biggest bulbs (65 g in average) and others (Tarom 9, Tarom 14 & Hamadan1-5) were intermediate (with the average weight of 40 g). The number of clove in each bulb in class B was 6-11. Identification and assessment records revealed that 83 % of cultivars in class B are multi cloves related to owned areas that planted in the spring seasons such as Zanjan and Hamadan (cold regions). Our research demonstrated that normal bulbing in garlic can be done successfully in greenhouse depend on genotype. We identified 12 Iranian garlic genotypes for greenhouse planting which can produce normal and commercially multi cloves successfully. Other 26 genotypes that produced single clove were suitable for cooking usages due to easy skin peeling. Selection and introduce of suitable genotypes for greenhouse planting with normal bulbing, increase the garlic production in cold provinces and can serve in genetic and physiological studies as well as in breeding programs.
https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_113156_1c7fda00dfc1fe6cebf57e9e4dac264e.pdf
2017-04-01
105
110
10.22092/jmpb.2017.113156
garlic
Allium sativum L
Bulbing
Single clove
Ali
Ammarellou
ammarellou@yahoo.com
1
Deprtment of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Purseglove JW. Tropical crops: monocotyledons, Longman group Limited, London. 1972;1.
1
2. Yamaguchi M. Worldvegetables: Principles production and nutritive values. AVI, Westport Conn. 1983.
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3. Tindall HD. Vegetables in the tropics. Mc Millan Education Limited Houdmills, Basintoke Hamshire England. 1986;533.
3
4. Takagi H. Garlic (Allium sativum L.). p. 109-146. In:H.D. Rabi- nowitch and J.L. Brewster (eds.). Onions and allied crops. vol. 3. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. 1990.
4
5. Augusti KT. Therapeutic values of onion (Allium cepa L.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.). Indian J. Exp Biol. 1996;34:634-640.
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6. Sato T, Miyata G. The nutraceutical benefit, Part IV: Garlic. Nutrition. 2000;16:787-788.
6
7. Kik C, Kahane R, Gebhardt R. Garlic and health. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 11 (supppl. to 4). 2001;57-65.
7
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Sour Orange, Swingle Citrumelo and Troyer Citrange Rootstocks on the Peel Components of Kumquat (Fortunella Margarita)
Studies have shown that oxygenated compounds are important in beverage and food products. It seems that Citrus rootstocks have a profound influence on these factors. The goal of the present study is to investigate on rootstocks and these factors. Peel oil components were extracted using cold-press method and eluted using n-hexane. All compounds analyzed using GC and GC-MS. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’smultiple range tests. Twenty-seven, Twenty-seven and Twenty-four peel components were identified in Sour orange, Swinglecitromelo and Troyer citrang respectively. They include aldehydes, alcohols, esters,monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The major flavor components identified included limonene, β-myrcene, α-pinene, linalool, (E)-β-ocimeneand γ-terpinene. Among the three rootstocks examined, Swinglecitromelo showed the highest content of aldehydes. Considering that aldehyde content of Kumquat is as one of indicators of high quality, it seems that Citrus rootstocks have a profound influence on this factor.
https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_113157_46a4f1dd79ffea7f86e264e1759968f7.pdf
2017-04-01
111
116
10.22092/jmpb.2017.113157
peel oil
Citrus rootstock
flavor components
Behzad
Babazadeh-Darjazi
babazadeh@riau.ac.ir
1
Department of Horticulture, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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