Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 Comparative Phytochemical Study of Artemisia sp. in the Middle East: A Focus on Antimicrobial Activities and GC-MS Analysis in A. absinthium L. Jazan, KSA and A. herba-alba Asso Sinai, EGY 479 503 131137 10.22034/jmpb.2024.365032.1662 EN Abdullah Mashraqi Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Mohamed Al Abboud Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Khatib Sayeed Ismail Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Yosra Modafer Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Mukul Sharma Envirnoment and Nature Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia Ahmed Eesa El-Shabasy Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Journal Article 2024 02 17 This study deals with the potential antimicrobial activity of Artemisia absinthium L. (from Saudi Arabia) and Artemisia herba-alba Asso. (from Egypt) extracts by using variety of solvents. The pathogenic microorganisms; Candida albicans, Cronobacter sakazakii, Enterococcus faecalis and Salmonella enterica, were manipulated. The MICs recorded different affinities for each solvent. The MBC and MFC were also determined. The chemical compositions of two plant species were determined by GC-MS analysis. A comparative study was conducted among Artemisia sp. belonging to the Middle East region. They are A. absinthium, A. abyssinica, A. annua, A. herba-alba, A. judaica, A. monosperma, A. scoparia, A. sieberi and A. vulgaris. The binary matrix included the chemical components of Artemisia sp. The phenogram and similarity matrix cleared the recent chemotaxonomic position of this genus in the Middle East. MIC values of both plant species were analyzed using the ANOVA test. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated in the form of SLR curves. The two studied plant species were recommended as alternative natural antimicrobial inhibitor agents.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_131137_0c83712140ef3d84bfbd97de419016fd.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Malaysian Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni leaves essential oil: A Comprehensive Study on Cell Viability and Biological Effects for Topical Applications 504 512 131397 10.22034/jmpb.2024.361730.1541 EN Nur Izzati Mohamad Zen Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Siti Salwa Abd. Gani Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Suhaili Shamsi Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Masriana Hassan Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Nazrim Marikkar National Institute of Fundamental Studies Hanthana Road, 20000 Kandy, Sri Lanka Journal Article 2023 03 08 The abundance of plant resources in Malaysia has gained the attention of many researchers to explore more pharmacological effects of plant’s essential oil (EO). EO from Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni (SrB-EO) leaves consists of a rich blend of a variety of volatile molecules and bioactive compounds which currently attract the attention of a lot of researchers due to its high potential to play a role in the therapeutic activity. In the present study, SrB-EO used was extracted using a Soxhlet extractor in absolute ethanol. The cell viability on SrB-EO has been investigated using Hs27 skin fibroblast cells against two biological assessments; anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial assays. It shows that 500 µg/mL was the highest concentration of SrB-EO which is considered non-toxic (82.08% cell viability) and demonstrates a primary significant cell proliferative effect toward cells. The maximum inhibition percentage of nitrite of SrB-EO was 33.12%, which showed a good anti-inflammatory property and SrB-EO showed an antimicrobial effect toward Gram-positive bacteria; Bacillus subtilis B29 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300. The minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of B. subtilis and S. aureus were 6.25 mg/mL and 3.13 mg/mL of SrB-EO respectively, and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of B. subtilis and S. aureus were 12.50 mg/mL and 10.42 mg/mL of SrB-EO, respectively. This study concluded that a low concentration of SrB-EO is non-toxic toward human skin cells and these EOs possess satisfactory anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Thus, SrB-EO can be used as an alternative therapeutic agent for topical application in the medicinal field.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_131397_002f004cf8a4899be4d87ebd2570d9e8.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 Effect of Seed Priming and Soil Application of Humic Acid on Growth and Yield of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) 513 518 131206 10.22034/jmpb.2024.362229.1556 EN Alireza Dadkhah Department of Plant Production and Genetic, Shirvan Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran Journal Article 2023 05 07 A factorial field experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted to investigate the effect of seed priming and soil application of humic acid on the growth and yield of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). The research was carried out in Farm Research of Shirvan Faculty of Agriculture in 2020. Experimental factors included seed priming with three levels of humic acid (0 (P1), 2.5g/l (P2) and 5g/l (P3)) and two levels of humic acid soil application (0 (S1) and 6 liters per hectare humic acid (S2)). The results of the statistics analysis showed that the application of humic acid (both seed priming and soil application) significantly increased the growth traits and yield of Roselle plants compared to non-humic acid-treated plants (P1S1). Plants treated with P3S2 significantly had the highest plant height (167.3 cm), number of branches per plant (9.8), number of leaves per plant (81), leaf dry weight (34 g/m2), leaf area index (5.2), calyx yield (53.3 g/m2), number of seeds per plant (882), seed yield (1281 kg/ha) and biological yield (4230 kg/ha). However, non-humic acid-treated plants (P1S1) had the lowest plant height (133.5cm), number of branches per plant (6.7), number of leaves per plant (46), leaf dry weight (18.7 g/m2), leaf area index (2.9), calyx yield (37.3 g/m2), number of seeds per plant (554), seed yield (977 kg/ha) and biological yield (2900 kg/ha). The results also showed that soil application of humic acid had a more positive effect on the growth traits of Roselle plants than seed priming. However, leaf chlorophyll content and weight of thousand seeds (g) were not affected by both seed priming and soil application of humic acid.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_131206_de0ab94583d0e1396d11a993746c00e2.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 The Phytochemical and Morpho-Physiological Response of Saffron (Crocus sativus) to Different Summer Irrigation Regimes 519 526 131541 10.22034/jmpb.2024.364190.1629 EN Hamed Eslami Department of Medicinal Plants, Arak University, Arak, Iran. P.O.Box:38156-8-8349 Hossein Salehi-Arjmand Department of Medicinal Plants, Arak University, Arak, Iran. P.O.Box:38156-8-8349 Reza Shahhoseini Department of Medicinal Plants, Arak University, Arak, Iran. P.O.Box:38156-8-8349 Morteza Akramiana Department of Medicinal Plants, Arak University, Arak, Iran. P.O.Box:38156-8-8349 Iman Mirmazloum Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Hungarian University of Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Journal Article 2023 11 24 This study aimed to investigate the effect of summer irrigation on the phytochemical and morpho-physiological traits of Iranian saffron. In this paper, first, four irrigation regimes, including control (without summer irrigation), irrigation in early July, irrigation in early August, and irrigation in early September, were conducted using a randomized complete block design with four replications in a research farm in Khomein County, Markazi Province, Iran (2020-2021). Based on this, the data encompasses the information collection concerning flowering and leafing time, stigma yield, vegetative growth rate, and phytochemical compounds of stigma, specifically crocin, safranal, and picrocrocin. The results demonstrated that summer irrigation had significant effects on assessed characteristics. Additionally, summer irrigation enhanced saffron growth rate and stigma yield (p≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the irrigation in early August accelerated flowering time and prolonged the flowering period from 13.5 to 16 days. The highest dry weight of saffron stigmas and the best stigma yield was 12.08 g/kg of flower fresh weight and 7.08 kg/h, respectively, and the optimal levels of crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal content obtained from irrigated plants in early August. Therefore, irrigation in early September resulted in earlier leaf occurrence before flowering, with the highest leaf dry weight (274 g m2) and leaf length (39 cm). The findings showed that the applied summer irrigation, specifically in early August, was an effective and economically viable practice to enhance saffron yield and stigma quality. This irrigation treatment is easily applicable and would be recommended to producers for its potential economic benefits.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_131541_e6a74b422a359574e67b8c05643d4981.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 08 21 Phytochemical Composition and Metabolomic Variation in Olive Leaves (Olea europaea) Across Different Cultivated Varieties in Iran 527 537 131817 10.22034/jmpb.2024.364420.1646 EN Vahid Kianpour Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran Samad Nejad Ebrahimi Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran Hassan Rezadoost Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran Reza Alizadeh Department of Chemistry, Faculty of science University of Qom, Qom, Iran Journal Article 2024 01 07 The utilization of olive tree leaves for medicinal purposes has been prevalent for centuries, and recent research has unveiled their significant properties, including antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and particularly antioxidant effects. This study aimed to investigate the content of phenolic acids and flavonoids, as well as the antioxidant activities, oleuropein concentration, and fatty acids profile in the leaves of 30 Olea europaea L. varieties sourced from various locations in the Fadak Agricultural Research Garden, Qom province, Iran. The leaves from these 30 Olive varieties were collected, dried, and ground. Subsequently, an ultrasound-assisted extraction was performed using an ethanol-water (70:30) solution. The total flavonoid content, total phenol content, oleuropein concentration, and fatty acid composition in the extract were determined using the aluminum chloride colorimetric method, Folin-Ciocolteau method, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography (GC-FID), respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through DPPH radical scavenging activity. Various cultivars of olive trees were thus analyzed, providing valuable insights into their chemical composition and potential benefits for medicinal uses.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_131817_53ee5eb9cc643d291944860080302ec0.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 Study of Essential Oil and Effect of Temperature and Seed Appendages (pappus) on Germination Characteristics in Coltsfoot 538 544 129803 10.22034/jmpb.2023.360977.1520 EN Mohamad Norani Department of Horticultural Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad-Taghi Ebadi Department of Horticultural Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Yadegari Department of Horticultural Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Mahdi Ayyari Department of Horticultural Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2022 12 25 Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L.) is a perennial plant of the Asteraceae family that has been used as an ancient folk remedy to treat coughs, bronchitis, and asthmatic disorders. Ripe seeds were collected from T. farfara plants growing in Pol-e Zangholeh, Iran, in this study. Samples were gathered by the Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) Department of Horticultural Sciences laboratory in late April 2016. The extracted seed essential oil constituents identified and quantified using GC/MS and GC, respectively. Phy,tol, n-Nonadecane, n-Tetradecane, and 4,4-Dimethyltetracyclo [5.2.1.02,6.03,5] decane, with amounts of 30.5%, 11.4%, 9.8%, and 6.2%, respectively, were the main components in the seeds oil of T. farfara. The germination variables were studied using a factorial experiment with 5 replicates × 50 seeds in a totally randomized design. Treatments include: cultivating non-pappus-bearing seeds in a Petri dish and placing them at 4°C (c1t1) and 25 °C (c1t2), Cultivating pappus-bearing seeds in a Petri dish and keeping them at 4 °C (c2t1) and 25 °C (c2t2) and cultivating of non-pappus-bearing seeds treated with sodium hypochlorite 1.5% for 20 minutes and keep them at 4 °C (c3t1) and 25 °C (c3t2). The interaction between culture type and temperature was significant (p≤0.01) for the germination percentage of seeds, germination rate, and seed vigor of T. farfara, according to analysis of variance. The rising seed germination rates of C3t2 and C3t1 were reported at 76.4% and 74.8%, respectively. The results revealed the closest positive correlation between germination rate, vigor index, and seed germination percentage (p≤0.001).

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_129803_7d1755b2ceb279e2b7d6ccc9683c3696.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 Physiological Responses of Melissa officinalis seedling to Different Bands of Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation 545 550 129851 10.22034/jmpb.2023.362577.1574 EN Maryam Mazaheri-Tirani Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran Soleyman Dayani Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), Qazvin, Iran Journal Article 2023 06 13 Ultraviolet (UV) rays are part of solar radiation, which induces physiological processes mediated by photoreceptors. This research investigated the effect of short-term exposure to different bands of UV rays (UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C) with the wavelengths of 365, 312, and 254 nm on Melissa officinalis L. seedlings, respectively. The amount of Chl. a, b, total, carotenoids, anthocyanin, UV absorbing compounds, and proteins in the leaves were measured. The control group was not treated with any UV rays. The total chlorophyll content decreased under UV-A (19%), UV-B (23%), and UV-C (49%) treatments. The lowest amount of Chl. a, b, and total chlorophyll belonged to UV-C with about 50, 46, and 49%, respectively. The carotenoid contents significantly decreased under UV-A and UV-C treatments. The ratio of carotenoids to total chlorophyll increased under UV-B (17%), and UV-C (45%) treatments compared with the control. The reduction of carotenoids content under UV treatment was less than that of the chlorophyll. The amount of anthocyanin and UV-absorbing compounds increased under different bands of UV radiation. The UV-A and UV-B increased protein contents, while UV-C treatment decreased protein content. This research indicated that the UV-B ray stimulate plant antioxidant system helping to plant survival under UV stress.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_129851_8e76b519daa4ab133f3267f1b354daaf.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 Physiological Responses of Melissa the Effects of Growth Regulators on Induction of Callus Tissue and Regeneration of Harmala (Peganum harmala L.) 551 559 129893 10.22034/jmpb.2023.362232.1557 EN Abbas Abhari Research Center for Geographical Sciences and Social Studies, Environmental Stress Studies Core, Hakim Sabzevari University, Iran Aali Masoumi Department of Agricultural Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Esmaeil Gholinezhad Department of Agricultural Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Elham Azizi Department of Agricultural Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2023 05 08 There has been limited information on the in-vitro propagation of Harmal. In this research, leaf, hypocotyl and embryo samples of this plant were examined for callus formation and regeneration. The present experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications in two separate experiments with different hormonal treatments. In the first experiment, MS medium contained growth with different concentrations of Benzylaminopourine ((BAP) 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L) in combination with Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at concentrations (0, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L. In the second experiment, BAP with concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L) in combination with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) with concentrations (0, 25 and 0.5 mg / L). The results of the first experiment showed that the highest callus and regeneration for the Harmal a plant was the combination of BAP hormone (0.5 mg/L) with NAA (0.5 mg/L). In this research, leaf, hypocotyl and embryo samples of this plant were examined for callus formation and regeneration. The results of the second experiment, on the other hand, showed that callus of explants was carried out in most of the BAP and 2,4-D hormonal treatments, and the highest regeneration was observed in the treatment of 1 mg/L BAP with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D. High BAP concentration in the presence of NAA decreased callus formation and appeared to be better for NAA callus enhancement. The high concentration of BAP in the presence of NAA reduced callus formation and it can be said that NAA was better for increasing callus production. It was found that in the presence of 2,4-D and BAP, leaf explants were more efficient for regeneration and callus formation compared to hypocotyl and embryo explants. In the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L BA for the leaf and hypocotyl explants, Maximum callus induction and shoot regeneration was obtained.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_129893_48b12c8f87e1812b990c6c41b2544163.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 Growth Characteristics and Changes in the Active Ingredients of Salvia mirzayanii Essential oil under Foliar Application of Humic Acid and Amino Acid 560 569 129968 10.22034/jmpb.2023.363292.1593 EN Maryam Bahadour Department of Horticulture, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom,Iran Abdolhossein Aboutalebi Jahromi Department of Horticulture, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom,Iran Behnam Behroznam Jahromi Department of Horticulture, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom,Iran Vahid Rowshan Department of Natural Resources, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO,Shiraz,Iran Journal Article 2023 08 22 Salvia mirzayanii Rech.f. & Esfand. is a medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae family, which has long been of interest to the industry due to its medicinal properties and various metabolites, including terpenoids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, fatty acids, and sterols. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of amino acid with concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 ml/l and humic acid with concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 gr/l along with irrigation water on essential oil compounds and plant growth. The results showed that humic acid (15 ml/l) and amino acid (0.5 ml/l) increased fresh weight, dry weight of leaves, number of inflorescences, and weight of inflorescences, and a further increase in the amino acid level caused a decrease in the measured agricultural characteristics. The use of humic acid 15 mgr/l caused the increase of 5-neo-sedranol, α-terpinyl acetate, bicyclogermacrene, and linalyl acetate as the main components of the essential oil to the extent of 37.5, 20.6, 32.5, 94.1 and 22.7% compared to the control respectively. The amount of 5-neo-sedranol and bicyclogermacrone decreased with the increase of amino acid. Amino acid treatment of 1.5 ml/l increased the percentage of linalyl acetate (40.98%), α-terpinyl acetate (18.06%), and linalool (10.71%) compared to the control. According to the trend of changes in the percentage of essential oil compounds and the measured agricultural characteristics, it is suggested to use the level of 0.5 mg amino acid and 15 mg of humic acid to reach the most desirable quantitative and qualitative yield of Salvia mirzayanii.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_129968_e6c1816c38c71dafbb7e5516e7fca4be.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 Efficient in Vitro Callus Induction, Regeneration and Shoot Multiplication Protocols for Stachys inflata subsp. caucasica (Stschegl.); A Rare Medicinal Plant 570 576 130536 10.22034/jmpb.2023.357500.1592 EN Saeed Hadi Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran Mohammad Ahmadabadi Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran Rana Valizadeh Kamran Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran Journal Article 2023 08 21 Stachys inflata subsp. caucasica (Stschegl.) is an important medicinal plant, containing highly valuable compounds such as verbascoside, pinene, limonene, and myrcene. In this study, we report efficient in vitro callus induction and shoot regeneration protocols for S. stchschegleevii from two different explant sources of leaf and internode. The highest callus induction rate was observed in internode explants using MS medium complemented with 0.3 mg/l TDZ and 0.7 mg/l 2,4-D. The resulting calli were embryogenic with the ability to grow and maintain their structure on MS medium containing 1.5 mg/l BAP at high efficiencies (90%). The β-gulucoronidase (gus) gene was then successfully transferred to the internode explants by the particle gun method, demonstrating their potential to express foreign genes. In conclusion, here we report efficient protocols for callus induction and regeneration of S. inflata subsp. caucasica that can be used in germplasm maintenance, production of secondary metabolites in in vitro cultures, and molecular breeding through genetic engineering.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_130536_747946d35e171f960f1a20d8c67bc686.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2023 08 09 Comparison of Chemical Composition and Physical Properties of Satureja khuzistanica Essential oil in Different Growing Conditions (Wild and Cultivated) in Lorestan Province 577 581 129666 10.22034/jmpb.2023.362567.1578 EN Mahshid Rahimifard Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, P.O. Box: 13185-116, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Sefidkon Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, P.O. Box: 13185-116, Tehran, Iran Somayeh Fekri Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, P.O. Box: 13185-116, Tehran, Iran Razieh Azimi Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, P.O. Box: 13185-116, Tehran, Iran Shahla Ahmadi Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Khoramabad, Iran Journal Article 2023 06 26 Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad is a species native to Iran and is highly important in south western regions. It belongs to the Lamiaceae family which is widely used in various pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and health industries. Quantitative comparison of the essential oil extracted from the flowering branches of S. khuzistanica shows that the amount of essential oil varies between 2.5 % and 3.7 %. Chemical analysis of essential oils revealed that the main and common constituents of essential oils are carvacrol (92.21 to 95.75%), γ-terpinene (0.37 to 1.93%), p-cymene (0.48 to 1.64%), β-bisabolene (0.64 to 0.83%), and myrcene (0.26 to 0.67%). The relative density of S. khuzistanica essential oil at 20 °C is from 0.953 to 0.987, and the refractive index of essential oil at 20 °C is from 1.5064 to 1.5147, the optical rotation of essential oil at 20 °C is from -1.00 to -1.40 degrees. If one volume of S. khuzistanica essential oil is mixed with 1.4 volume of 80% ethanol at a temperature of 20 °C, a clear liquid is obtained.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_129666_b083929d8d2757e834f26c104f8ab3d2.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Salvia rosmarinus Essential Oil 582 589 129971 10.22034/jmpb.2023.363373.1599 EN Mohammed Kamal Hameed Hameed Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran. Iran Fereshteh Nematollahi Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran. Iran Morteza Rouhani Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran. Iran Journal Article 2023 08 30 The project was centered on the utilization of essential oils extracted from Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. for the synthesis and stabilization of gold nanoparticles. This approach is noteworthy due to the distinctive properties exhibited by gold nanoparticles in contrast to bulk gold. Moreover, these properties can be influenced by the size and shape of the nanoparticles. The essential oil was extracted from S. rosmarinus through the process of hydrodistillation using a Clevenger type apparatus. A GC-MS analysis of these essential oils revealed the presence of several compounds, with the most frequently identified ones being -pinene (16.7%), 1,8-cineole (8.6%), camphor (10%), and borneol (7.7%). Subsequently, these obtained essential oil was employed as both a regenerating agent and stabilizer in the synthesis of gold particles. The resultant nanoparticles underwent identification and characterization using standard methods. They exhibited a face-centered cubic crystal structure and possessed an average size of 26.6 nm. Remarkably, it was ascertained that the essential oils of S. rosmarinus are proficient in regenerating gold ions and stabilizing them in the form of stable colloidal nanoparticles. This development holds promise for various applications, including the production and formulation of diverse products such as cosmetics and health-related items.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_129971_35bd8c0f3d23d6bd6f61329f347c0002.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 Higher Biomass and Biochemical Compounds of Stevia rebaudiana Through Exogenous Gibberellic Acid (GA) And Kinetin (KN) hormones Treatments 590 598 130013 10.22034/jmpb.2023.362427.1565 EN Afsaneh Monfared Genetic and Plant Production Department, Agricultural Faculty of Shirvan, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran Ghorbanali Rassam Genetic and Plant Production Department, Agricultural Faculty of Shirvan, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran Vahid Akbarpour Horticultural Sciences and Engineering Department, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran Journal Article 2023 05 29 Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various physiological processes in plants. Stevia growth is affected by them, so this study investigated how gibberellic acid (GA) and kinetin (KN) affect it. Two RCBD experiments were conducted in 2016 in Shirvan, Iran, to study gibberellic acid (GA) and kinetin (KN) hormones. First experiment included the following GA treatments: 1. control (no GA) 2. 100 ppm 3. 200 ppm 4. 300 ppm (PPM). In the second experiment, KN was included in the treatments: 1. control (no KN) 2. 20 ppm 3. 40 ppm 4. 60 ppm. At all concentrations of KN and GA, plant height, leaf number, leaf dry matter, and biomass significantly enhanced while yield index decreased. Additionally, although GA application decreased non-reducing sugars (TSSN) and total soluble sugars (TSS), KN at 40 and 60 ppm increased TSS. In contrast to KN treatments, GA treatments improved total stevia glycosides (TSGs). Furthermore, FLV was not affected by GA, but plants treated with KN 60(KN at 60) ppm had the highest FLV. All GA concentrations induced more CHL b than control. Additionally, it boosted N, P, and K, however, only KN at 40 and 60 ppm increased N and K. Overall, the positive effects of both hormones are dose-dependent; while KN treatment was ineffective in terms of TSG productivity, GA treatment was beneficial.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_130013_ae8b98e00fc4c38f036a83952fd65b8f.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 Essential Oils of Nepeta kurdica and Nepeta Chionophila from Iran as two Sources of Nepetalactone Isomers 599 604 130055 10.22034/jmpb.2023.361374.1530 EN Fatemeh Sefidkon Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-7170-0002 Fatemeh Zakerian Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Somayeh Fekri-Qomi Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Mostafa Golipour Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2023 01 30 This research aimed to identify the volatile compounds of essential oils found in the aerial parts of two Nepeta species (N. kurdica Hausskn. & Bornm., and N. chionophila Boiss. & Hausskn.). This is the first phytochemical investigation of these two Nepeta species. The essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by a combination of capillary gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Nineteen compounds accounting for 90.8% of N. kurdica oil were identified, while there were fifteen volatile components corresponding to 95.1% in N. chionophila oil. Nepetalactone isomers make up 64.2% of N. kurdica and 90.5% of N. chionophila oils. The main component of N. kurdica oil was 4aa-7a-7aa-nepeta lactone (57.7%), while 4aα-7a-7ab-nepeta lactone (71.8%) and 4aa-7a-7aa-nepeta lactone (15.9%) were the major constituents of N. chionophila oil. So, the essential oils of N. chionophila (endemic) and N. kurdica (native) can be used the same as catnip (N. cataria) oil that is used for antimicrobial, repellent and insecticide effect, as a fortifier, a disinfectant and a cure against cold.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_130055_50b45ffd6db042ef45a5f2c6397966f7.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 Evaluating the Protective Effects of Aqueous and Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Plantago major Leaf in a Rat Model of Ethanol-induced Peptic Ulcer 605 613 129806 10.22034/jmpb.2023.362108.1548 EN Bakhan Bahadeen Aref Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran Sajad Fakhri Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran Mohammad Reza Morovati Persian Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran Maryam Ghanbari-Movahed Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran Ehsan Mohammadi Noori Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran Shahram Miraghaei Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran Mohammad Hosein Farzaei Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran Journal Article 2022 04 26 There is usually a connection between the secretion of stomach acid and stomach ulcers, but today the main cause of these ulcers is considered to be the presence and proliferation of Helicobacter pylori bacteria, which causes peptic ulcers in various ways, including damage to the protective layer. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Plantago major L. leaves on gastric ulcers induced by ethanol in rats. First, 36 adult male Wistar rats were selected and divided into 9 groups including famotidine and control groups, healthy groups, and protective groups that received the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves of the P. major. After preparing and checking the obtained results, quantitative data was evaluated with a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test using SPSS software. The macroscopic examination results showed that in both groups receiving aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of the P. major plant, the group receiving the extract with a dose of 200 mg/kg had the best protective effect compared to the control group. The general results of the present study showed that in both groups receiving the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of the plant leaves, the group receiving the extract with a dose of 200 mg/kg had the best protective effect compared to the control group. In conclusion, our findings indicated that this extract is a potential agent that can be used for the treatment of peptic ulcers and gastric tissue wounds.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_129806_1920963f07fe30477db056bcb573cb40.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 Protective Effects of the Phenolic-rich Fraction of Young Corn Silk (Zea mays L.) against Pancreatic Islet Destruction in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats 614 620 130172 10.22034/jmpb.2023.359722.1497 EN Nurraihana Hamzah Nutrition Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia Sabreena Safuan Biomedicine Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia Wan Rosli Wan Ishak Nutrition Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia Journal Article 2022 08 16 The phytochemical and bioactive characteristics of plants are influenced by their species and varieties. However, not much is known about the ability of baby corn silk in repairing pancreatic damage. In this study, we investigate the protective effects of the phenolic-rich fraction of vegetable variety baby corn silk (PRFsilk) on the pancreas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty rats were divided into five groups, where Group 1 comprised six nondiabetic control rats; Group 2 was diabetic control; Groups 3 and 4 were diabetic rats treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg/day of PRFsilk, respectively; and Group 5 served as diabetic treatment control with 150 mg/kg/day of metformin. After 28 days of administrating PRFsilk, diabetic rats in Groups 3 and 4 had their blood glucose levels significantly lowered by 67.45% and 66.85%, respectively, compared with the diabetic control group, with more insulin detected in their pancreatic homogenates through ELISA assay. The histological assessment found signs of damage and atrophy in the islet cells of all diabetic rats, with the worst observed in the diabetic control group. However, the islets of PRFsilk-treated rats had little damage caused by STZ induction compared with the pancreas of metformin-treated rats, particularly in Group 3, which was treated with a lower PRFsilk dose. This showed that the PRF of baby corn silk could ameliorate STZ-induced pancreatic damage in rats, most likely through its anti-oxidative and immune-boosting properties.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_130172_9fead138341e8a684cf6392a7e69ae35.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 Consumer Demand and Uses for Special Tea (Monsonia biflora DC.): A Case Study of Consumers of Special Tea in Capricorn District Municipality 621 628 131235 10.22034/jmpb.2024.361530.1533 EN Lesetja Jacob Ledwaba Department of Agriculture & Animal Health, College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, Florida Campus (Johhanessburg), University of South Africa, South Africa Silvia Sibongile Tekana Department of Agriculture & Animal Health, College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, Florida Campus (Johhanessburg), University of South Africa, South Africa Michael Antwi Department of Agriculture & Animal Health, College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, Florida Campus (Johhanessburg), University of South Africa, South Africa 0000-0003-3896-4502 Journal Article 2023 02 14 This paper analysed the demand and uses of Special tea in Capricorn district municipality, Limpopo province. The Snowball sampling method was used to select 225 consumers of Special tea in the study area. A questionnaire was used as an instrument for collecting data and the collected data was analysed using descriptive statistics and the Negative binomial model. The level of demand for Special tea in the study ranged from 1 to 9 consumptions per annum. Male consumers dominated the sampled population (61%) and the respondents were mostly not married (64%). Several uses of Special tea were reported in the study and 24.9% of the consumers used the tea to cleanse the blood followed by 21.3% for body pains and general wellbeing. Factors, such as gender, access to medical aid, willingness to pay and marital status had a negative influence on demand while religion and reasons for using Special tea influenced demand positively. It is recommended that information on the benefits of using special tea be shared with the people, research on improving the taste and preference is necessary in order to induce consumption because the use of additives influences demand.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_131235_7b4961f01a41d5988e816ddb982fa122.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 Efficacy of Salvia Officinalis Extract Against Infertility in Oxidative Stress Conditions 629 636 130357 10.22034/jmpb.2023.363418.1600 EN Hanie Khodadadi Graduated of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Science and research branch, Islamic azad university, Tehran, Iran Sajed Khaledi Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Mehdinezhad Roshan Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammadamin Eslampour Department of clinical sciences, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Science and research branch, Islamic azad university, Tehran, Iran Soraya Moradi Graduated of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Science and research branch, Islamic azad university, Tehran, Iran Pejman Mortazavi Department of pathology, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Science and research branch, Islamic azad university, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2023 09 03 This study aimed to investigate the effects of Salvia officinalis L. extract on infertility of male rats. In this experimental study, 40 rats were used in 8 groups and cadmium chloride was also used to induce infertility. S. officinalis extract was fed to mice daily for 28 days with the help of gavage needle. Animals were anesthetized with ether and dissected, then epididymal sperm were examined for morphology, viability and motility. we analyzed their right testis for H/E staining and counting cell lines and their left testicles were analyzed to evaluate superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) enzymes. According to the ‌‌‌results of three sperm quality analyses indicated a significant increasing of viability, motility and the number of sperm cells in infertile groups treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg S. officinalis extract (P<0.001). Our SOD analysis revealed Salvia Officinalis extract caused to produce more enzymes in the healthy experimental groups, even compared to the healthy control group (P<0.0001). our ‌‌analysis indicated that increasing the dosage of the S. officinalis extract resulted in increasing enzyme production in infertile groups. MDA analyses showed that the healthy experimental groups produced a lower amount of MDA enzyme, which is almost the same level as the healthy control group (P<0.0001). Due to the usage of S. officinalis extract, the level of lipid peroxidation and MDA significantly decreased. In this study, S. officinalis extract can have significant positive impacts on the viability, motility, number of sperms in oxidative stress conditions.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_130357_8c58bb33b75be4180176d03ceb5e9b7d.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents and Hydro Alcoholic Extract of Polygonum aviculare L. Effects on Learning and Memory in a rat Model of Alzheimer Disease 637 643 130214 10.22034/jmpb.2023.362255.1558 EN Mozhgan Shabani Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Hasan Fallah Huseini Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran Majid Ghorbani Nohooji Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran Mehrdad Roghani Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Sima Nasri Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2023 05 10 Alzheimer's disease via various pathways, including augmented oxidative stress accompanies disturbances in learning, memory and cognitive skills in the human society. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Polygonum aviculare (P. aviculare) on learning and memory in streptozotocin induced Alzheimer in rats. Aerial parts of P.aviculare extracted by percolation method. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured by colorimetric method. Fifty male wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: control, Alzheimer's group, and three groups Alzheimer's induced and P. aviculare treated. In order to evaluate of learning and memory, initial (IL) and step-through latencies (STL) tests were determined at the end of study using passive avoidance test and alternation behavior percentage was obtained using Y maze. Total phenolic contents of extract were 67.7 ± 6.3 mg/g and the total flavonoid content was 12.7 ± 1.3 mg/g. In behaviors test, there was no significant change in IL in Alzheimer's and P. aviculare treated Alzheimer's group as compared to control group. Meanwhile, STL significantly decreased in Alzheimer's group as compared to control group (p<0.005). The existing difference between Alzheimer's and P. aviculare Treated-Alzheimer's groups was statistically significant (p<0.01). Intraperitoneal injection of P. aviculare could enhance the capability of consolidation and recall in Alzheimer's animals treated, and improve spatial memory in Alzheimer's animals treated group using Y maze.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_130214_a5ff593d750ac193ac52c39528efd1be.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 In vitro Study of Effects of Alcoholic Extract of Pomegranate Peel on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Theronts 644 652 131660 10.22034/jmpb.2024.366214.1713 EN Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Atanaz Asadi Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Alireza Nassiri Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Hosseinali Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Sedigheh Nabian Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 06 28 The Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) is one of the most important parasites in aquaculture industry, which causes the fatal disease of Ichthyophthiriasis. Treatments for this parasite include the use of certain chemical medications. However, due to the many negative effects of chemical compounds on the environment and humans, extensive studies of plant extract effectiveness in treating this parasite are very important. This study evaluated the alcoholic pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract's antiparasitic activity against the parasite I. multifiliis in vitro. Under laboratory conditions, the anti-parasitic efficacy of pomegranate peel alcoholic extract against I. multifiliis at doses of (0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 g/l) was evaluated after exposure for six hours. Additionally, this extract's toxicity was assessed for 96 hours on zebrafish at dosages of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 g/liter. The collected data were statistically contrasted with the results of the positive control sample (15 ppm formalin) and the negative control treatment. The study revealed that the theronts may be destroyed in 6 hours by concentrations of 2, 4, and 8 g/liter, in addition to the concentration of 1 g/liter, which caused the death of 96% of theronts within this period. In the toxicity test, the concentrations (2, 4, and 8 g/L) were highly toxic, and all the fish died, but the concentrations of 1 and 0.5 g/L were safe doses within 96 hours. Also, the value of EC50 in this research was calculated as 1.41 g/liter. Therefore, the alcoholic extract of pomegranate peel in doses of 2, 4, and 8 g/l is not effective for clinical treatment and is only suitable as an antiseptic. So, the dose of 1 g/l has very good results and is recommended for clinical treatment.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_131660_3f16204d248df3dfd77525e54b905964.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 Effect of Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) Leaf Hydroalcoholic Extract on Atherosclerosis Plaque Formation of Cardiovascular Diseases 653 660 129749 10.22034/jmpb.2023.362785.1580 EN Maryam Nilkpoor General physician, Medical College, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran Hossein Kargar Jahromi Research Center for Non-communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran Mahboobeh Johari M.A., Faculty of Humanities, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran Mahdi Nilkpoor General physician, Department of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran Hojjat Rahdar Doctor of dental medicine, Manila Central University, Manila, Philippines Journal Article 2023 07 03 High levels of circulating fat are considered an important factor in atherosclerosis. So the most important object of the present study is to investigate the effect of nettle leaf extract mixture on atherosclerosis plaque formation and biochemical factors of cardiovascular diseases. Twenty-eight rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, normal diet as the control group, sunflower oil as a sham group, high cholesterolemic group (1% cholesterol), and high-cholesterol + nettle leaf extract (500 mg/kg of BW) group. Components were given to the sham and all 2 experimental groups as gavage. Obtained results of the present study indicated that body weight was reduced significantly in group III compared with the control groups and group II. In the slices prepared from the aorta of the 1% cholesterol-treated group, athreptic plaques were detectable. The plaques were formed of lipid-laden macrophages, and foam cells, with smooth muscle cells within the plaques. The thickness of the plaque increased so that it was more than half of the thickness of the environment. Pathology results showed that the nettle extract reduced significantly the damage in the arterial wall compared with the high-cholesterol group. The atheroma was fully raised and observable in the inner surface of the vessel (P<0/01). The results indicated that Grande ortie extract is efficient and tended to improve atherosclerosis complications in hypercholesterolemia rabbits.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_129749_61802bea04f74681bbff14d5c835531d.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 The Effect of Fig Leaves on Trichomonas vaginalis and Macrophages In-vitro 661 668 129707 10.22034/jmpb.2023.361502.1532 EN Mohsen Zabihi Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Hamideh Sadat Mousavi Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Amirabbas Mohammadi Hamaneh Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzaneh Mirzaei Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Journal Article 2023 02 11 Trichomonas vaginalis, an anaerobic flagellated protozoan, can infect the cervix, vagina, pelvis, urethra, and epididymis. The development of microbial resistance and the occurrence of side effects with synthetic anti-trichomonas drugs, such as metronidazole, requires the need to expand research on the use of natural medicines in the control of this infection. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of fig leaves on the viability of Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. Hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of fig leaves were obtained by percolation and perfusion, respectively. The effect of the hydroalcoholic extract (2000, 1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.2, 15.6, 7.8, 3.9 µg/ml) and the aqueous extract (3000, 1500, 750, 375, 187.5, 93.7, 46.8, 23.4, 11.7, 5.8 µg/ml) were evaluated on T. vaginalis cells in-vitro. Otherwise, the effect of the hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts (3200, 1600, 800, 400, 200, 100, and 50 µg/ml) was studied on J774 macrophage cells. Using the hemocytometry method, the cell growth inhibition in different concentrations was calculated after three times incubation (24, 48, and 72 hrs). Fig leaves' hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts could inhibit the growth of T. vaginalis and macrophage cells in-vitro. The cell growth inhibition in different concentrations and incubation times were significantly different. The anti-trichomonas activity of fig leaves' extracts allows their use in treating trichomoniasis.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_129707_885a9ad8e49b183781f0cb30cd2f7d83.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 Callus and hairy Root Induction in the Medicinal Plant of Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal 669 679 129659 10.22034/jmpb.2023.362344.1563 EN Zeinab Chaghakaboodi Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Danial Kahrizi Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. Iran 0000-0002-1717-6075 Jaber Nasiri Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2023 05 20 Callus induction from the leaf explants of Withania coagulans was assessed using the MS culture media containing co-application of BAP (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/L) and 2,4-D (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/L) based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. Furthermore, the potential interaction effects of three different tissues (hypocotyl, stem, and leaf) of W. coagulans and two different Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains (R1000 and GM) were scrutinized for the hairy root induction using a factorial experiment based on CRD. For callus induction, among nine different hormonal treatments resulted from multiplying three concentrations of BAP and three concentrations of 2,4-D, one of which (i.e., “0.1 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/L BAP”) had the maximum amounts of fresh weight (3.024 g), dry weight (0.082 g), and callus volume (16.91 cm3), as it was significantly different from the remaining eight hormonal treatments for the three traits (Duncan's test, p< 0.05). To make clear discrimination among nine different hormonal treatments and determine the best one(s) for callus induction in W. coagulans, a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was also applied. All the treatments were placed in three main groups of I (six members), II (one member), and III (two members), of which the second cluster containing only one member (i.e., the hormonal treatment of “0.1 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/L BAP”) had the highest quantities of the three aforesaid traits, could be accordingly proposed towards acquiring higher biomass. Regarding hairy root induction, no significant differences were observed either for interaction or for single effects (p < 0.05). However, among six different combinations (two strains and three tissue), the hairy root induction ratios ranged from 38.33% (GM/Hypocotyl) to 59.23% (for R1000/Leaf). Therefore, applying R1000 strain and leaf explant seems to be more effective for hairy root induction in W. coagulans compared to the other five combinations.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_129659_c23a2951671361532ed445de20719817.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 Evaluation of the Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Properties of Jatropha multifida stem sap 680 690 131573 10.22034/jmpb.2024.363925.1622 EN Lauris Fah Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of natural substances, Polytechnic school of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi National Medico-Sanitary Institute (INMeS), University of Abomey-Calavi Jean Robert Klotoé Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of natural substances, Polytechnic school of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory for Technical Education (LARPET) of the National Higher School for Technical Education (ENSET) of Lokossa; National University of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM), Abomey, Benin Eric Agbodjento Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of natural substances, Polytechnic school of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi Victorien Tamègnon Dougnon Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of natural substances, Polytechnic school of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi Alice Kitchey Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of natural substances, Polytechnic school of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi Kévin Sintondji Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of natural substances, Polytechnic school of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi Esther Déguénon Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of natural substances, Polytechnic school of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi Jean Marc Atègbo Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi Journal Article 2023 10 27 Inflammatory diseases remain a significant public health issue, posing challenges in their management due to the adverse effects associated with conventional anti-inflammatory drugs. Exploring medicinal plants as a viable avenue for researching novel anti-inflammatory drugs offers a promising alternative. Jatropha multifida is a well-known traditional plant of the Euphorbiaceae family with undisputed medicinal properties, both haemostatic and antimicrobial. Very little data exists on its anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of Jatropha multifida stem sap The anti-inflammatory activity of the stem sap was evaluated in vitro by the anti-hemolytic activity assessment method, in vivo by the paw edema test in rats. The immunomodulatory potential was determined using a chemical mediator of inflammation, TNFα. Its antioxidant activity by the DPPH method was evaluated. The results of this study revealed that Jatropha multifida sap with an LC50 of 0.604 mg/mL, is non-toxic and showed a 66.21% higher anti-hemolytic effect than Diclofenac (25.94 %) and Ibuprofen (40 %). It also has a high DPPH inhibitory power (86.61 %) at 0.5 mg/mL similar to that of vitamin C. Sap at the concentration of 800 mg/Kg has overall the same effects on paw inflammation as Diclofenac and results in a greater decrease in TNFα (286.15) at values similar to those of normal control rats. The therapeutic use of this sap in a traditional setting is therefore once again justified due to its proven anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_131573_94e5ba2dbe0a10d43bccfd1064bcf818.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Potential of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Essential Oil from Shushtar, Iran 691 702 131718 10.22034/jmpb.2024.365950.1700 EN Zeinab Chaghakaboodi Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Danial Kahrizi Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. Iran 0000-0002-1717-6075 Jaber Nasiri Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2024 05 31 Here, to assess the chemical composition and antibacterial/antioxidant effects of the essential oils of eucalyptus, the young leaves of eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) cultivated in Shushtar city (Khuzestan Province, Iran) were utilized in the late spring season of 2024. The essential oil extraction was carried out using the water distillation method, resulting in a 2% yield based on the dry weight of the leaves. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the essential oil indicated the presence of (S,E)-2,5-Dimethyl-4-vinylhexa-2,5-dien-1-yl acetate, alpha-terpinene, and (-)-Globulol as the major components, accounting for 17.63%, 9.97%, and 6.23% of the total composition, respectively. Further DPPH assay testing showed a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect, with the highest concentration (0.80 mg/ml) exhibiting an impressive 93.62% inhibition. According to the ANOVA results, a significant difference was observed among all nine treatments (multiplying by three different essential oil concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/mL and three different bacterial agents of S. aureus, B. cereus, and E. coli) in terms of inhibition zone recorded using the agar well diffusion method. The largest inhibition zones were observed for three treatments of "0.8 mg/mL + B. cereus", "0.4 mg/mL + S. aureus", and "0.8 mg/mL + S. aureus" with the inhibition zone values of 39.62 mm, 35.37 mm, and 39.11 mm, respectively. On the other hand, the minimum inhibition zone value of 14.02 mm was observed for the "0.2 mg/mL + E. coli" treatment. According to the results, both gram-positive bacteria of S. aureus and S. cereus were more sensitive to the essential oil of E. camaldulensis essential oil than the gram-negative bacteria of E. coli. These current promising results demonstrated the effectiveness of E. camaldulensis essential oil as a natural and eco-friendly alternative for antimicrobial studies.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_131718_9878b691ec4c46c7dafacbee568f3cba.pdf

Iranian Medicinal Plants Society Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products 2322-1399 13 3 2024 09 01 Identification of Poisonous Plants for Livestock and Their Phytochemical Screening Test in Kaffa zone, Southwestern Ethiopia 703 715 130615 10.22034/jmpb.2024.364204.1628 EN Seid Mohammad Department of Animal Science, Bonga University, Bonga, Ethiopia Tamirat Wato Department of Plant Science, Bonga University, Bonga, Ethiopia, ORCiD: 0000-0001-5509-5033 Birhanu Bekele Department of Chemistry, Bonga University, Bonga, Ethiopia Solomon Addisu Department of Veterinary Medicine, Bonga University, Bonga, Ethiopia Toktam Shahriari Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, ORCiD: 0000-0001-9568-1731 Journal Article 2023 11 22 This study was conducted to identify livestock poisoning plants and evaluate the phytochemical constituents of those poisonous plants in the Kaffa zone in southwest Ethiopia. The cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2022 to December 2022. The most common poisoning plants identified in the study area include Ajuga alba, Solanum americanum, Amaranthus cruentus, Albizia gummifera, Cyperus rotundus, Uebelinia kiwuensis, Datura stramonium, Xanthium strumarium, Tribulus terestris, Medicago poly/morpha, Euphorbia tirucalli, Hedera canariensis, and Trifolium burchelianum. The survey data were collected from voluntary animal owners, traditional animal healers, and animal health experts in the selected districts. Structured questionnaires were developed, and 366 individuals (300 livestock owners, 40 traditional animal healers, and 26 animal health practitioners) were interviewed voluntarily. The study revealed that 260 (94.8%) of livestock owners, 40 (100%) of traditional animal healers, and 26 (100%) of animal health practitioners complained about the presence of plant poisoning in livestock in the study area. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of alkaloids, polyphenols, terpenoids, coumarin, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids was performed by using both polar and non-polar solvents of n-hexane, dichloromethane (1:1), and methanol with occasional shaking with a shaker for 48 hours. Flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyphenols were the most abundant classes of compounds in the majority of the screened plants. And those constitute different medicinal values for the farmers according to traditional animal healers. The livestock were poisoned by leaves and other parts of the identified poisonous plants through ingestion or contact. Hence, the livestock health in the area is at high risk of exposure to these toxic plants; therefore, there is an improvement in the management of pastures using either chemical, biological, or physical controlling methods of poisonous plants from pasture, range land, hay fields, and roadsides. Further toxicological studies and possibly pharmacological activity are needed to be investigated by quantifying the toxin.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_130615_e7ce8cbdaee91eaac474bd081d551401.pdf