Comparison of Extraction and Measurement of Quercetin from Stigma, Style, Sepals, Petals and Stamen of Crocus Sativus by HPLC in Combination with Heat and Ultrasonic

Authors

Department of Medicinal Plants, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Flavonoids, are a large class of polyphenols, with more than 4000 combinations. They have an antioxidant role in plant photosynthesis and in the human body they optimally act as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and protector of the heart. Quercetin is in the flavonol group that is used to fight protection specifically against viruses and cancer cells. In this study, Comparison of extraction and measurement of quercetin in combination with heat and Ultrasonic from Stigma, style, sepals, petals and stamen, of Crocus sativus L. by HPLC method was carried out. Samples were collected in last October 2012 from experiment farms, in a research station in Hamand Abesard in the east of Tehran, Iran. Various methods of extraction with the heat and Ultrasonic were tested using different organs (viz. Stigma, style, sepals, petals and stamen). A total of eight samples were obtained for measurement of quercetin by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In  stigma with heat were 0.0856%, and with Ultrasonic were 0.0356%, in style with heat Soxhlet were 0.001%, and with Ultrasonic were 0.009%, in sepals and petals with heat were 0.409%, and with Ultrasonic were 0.307%, and in stamen with heat were 0.009%, and with Ultrasonic were 0.005%.

Keywords

References

1. Fernandez JA. Biology, biotechnology and biomedicine of saffron. Recent Res Develop Plant Sci. 2004;2:127-159.
2. Office of Statistics and Information Technology, Ministry of Agriculture. 1389;2:98.
3. Nair SC. Pannikar B and Panikkar KR. Antitumour activity of saffron (Crocus sativus). Cancer Lett. 1991; 57:109-114.
4. Abdullaev FI, Espinosa-Aguirre JJ. Biomedical properties of saffron and its potential use in cancer therapy  and chemoprevention trials. Cancer Detect Prev. 2004;28:426-432.
5. Hosseinzadeh H, Younesi H. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Crocus sativus L. stigma  and petal extracts in mice. BMC Pharmacol. 2002; 2:1-8.
6. Hosseinzadeh H, Khosravan V. Anticonvulsant effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Crocus sativus L. stigmas in mice. Arch Iran Med. 2002; 5:44-50.
7. Karimi G, Hosseinzadeh H, Khaleghpanah P. Study of antidepressant effect of aqueous and ethanolic extract of  Crocus sativus in mice. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2001;4:11-15.
8. Hosseinzadeh H, Karimi GH, Niapoor M. Antidepressant effects of Crocus sativus stigma extracts and its constituents, crocin and safranal, in mice. Acta Hort. 2004;650:435-445.
9. Kullavanijaya P, Henry W. Photoprotection. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52:937-958.
10. Golmohammadzadeh Sh, Jaafari MR, Khalili NHosseinzadeh H. Does saffron have antisolar and moisturizing effects? Iran J Pharmaceut Res. 2010; 9:133-140.
11. Quercetin". An Encyclopadia Britannica Company,Merriam-Webster. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/.
12. Christiane F, Volker S, Sonja FE, Gunther N. lnduction of Zygotic Polyembryos in Wheat: lnfluence of Auxin Polar Transport. Plant Cell. 1999;9(10): 1767–1780. doi:10.1105/tpc.9.10.1767. PMC 157020. PMID 12237347.
13. American Cancer Society. Quercetin. Available at:
http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/DietandNutrition/quercetin. Accessed November 8. 2010.
14. a b Laura K. Stewart, Jeff L. Soileau, David Ribnicky, Zhong Q. Wang, Ilya Raskin, Alexander Poulev, Martin Majewski, William T. Cefalu, and Thomas W. Gettys (2008). "Quercetin transiently increases energy expenditure but persistently decreases circulating markers of inflammation in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet". Metabolism 57.
15. J. Mark Davis, E. Angela Murphy, Martin D. Carmichael and Ben Davis .  Quercetin increases brain and muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and exercise tolerance., Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol.2009.296 : R1071-R1077, 2009. First published 11 February 2009;  doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.90925.2008
16. Reynolds G . Phys Ed:  Is Quercetin Really a Wonder Sports Supplement? New York Times. Review of the research.October 7.2009.
17. Balabolkin II, Gordeeva GF, Fuseva ED, Dzhunelov AB, Kalugina OL, Khamidova MM. "Use of vitamins in allergic illnesses in children".Voprosy Meditsinskoi Khimii. 1992;38: 36–40.
18. Karimi E, Oskoueian E, Hendra R, Jaafar HZE. Evaluation of Crocus sativus L. stigma phenolic and flavonoid compounds and its antioxidant activity. Molecules2010;15:6244-6256.
19. Wang, YC, Chuang Y, Hsu H. The flavonoid, carotenoid and pectin content in peels of citrus cultivated in Taiwan. Food Chem.2008;106:277-284.
20. Chung KT, Wong TY, Huang YW, Lin Y. Tannins and human health: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 1998;38:421-464.
21. Cassidy A, Hanley B, Lamuela-Raventos RM. Isoflavones, lignans and stilbenes: origins, metabolism and potential importance to human health. J Sci Food Agric. 2000;80:1044-1062.
22. Gao D, Kakuma M, Oka S, Sugino K, Sakurai H. Reaction of β-alkannin (shikonin) with reactive oxygen species: detection of β-alkannin free radicals. Bioorg. Med Chem. 2000;8:2561-2569.
23. Tapiero H, Tew KD, Nguyen BG, Mathé G. Polyphenols: Do they play a role in the prevention of human pathologies? Biomed Pharmacother. 2002;56:200-207.
24. Larson RA. The antioxidants of higher plants. Phytochemistry1998;27:969-978.
25. Frankel E. Nutritional benefits of flavonoids. In Proceedings of International Conference on Food Factors: Chemistry and Cancer Prevention, Hamamatsu, Japan, 10-15 December 1995.
26. Buettner GR. The pecking order of free radicals and antioxidants: lipid peroxidation, α- tocopherol, and ascorbate. Arch. Biochem Biophys. 1993;300:535-543.
27. Bravo L. Polyphenols: Chemistry, dietary sources, metabolism, and nutritional significance. Nutr Rev. 1998;56:317-333.
28. American Cancer Society. Quercetin. Available at:
http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/DietandNutrition/quercetin. Accessed November 8, 2010.
Journal of Medicinal plants and By-product
Volume 1, Issue 2
September 2012
Pages 167-170

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics