The Effect of Planting Time and Planting Density on Yield and Essential Oil of Satureja sahendica Bornm.

Authors

1 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Horticulture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

Abstract

This experiment was conducted, to study the effect of planting time and planting density on savory (Satureja sahendica Bornm.) in 2012 in Alborz Research Station, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Karaj, Iran. The experiment was carried out in split plot in time in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main plots were planting times in two levels (including fall and spring planting) and the sub plots were planting density in four levels (including 20×20, 40×40, 60×60 and 80×80 cm). The results indicated that planting time significantly affected the number of lateral branches on the main stem, the number of flowering branches, flowering shoot yield and essential oil yield, the number of tillers, plant height, single plant shoot yield and essential oil percentage. The effect of planting density had also significant differencein all measured traits except the plant height. Mean comparison of planting time showed that in all planting densities, fall planting was better than spring plantingin all traits. Mean comparison of planting densities indicated that the highest number of tillers (7.67), the number of flowering stems (6.5), single plant shoot yield (22.98 g/plant) and essential oil percentage (2.01%) were achieved in the lowest planting density (80×80 cm). However, the highest number of lateral branches (5.67), flowering shoot yield (1587.5 kg/ha) and essential oil yield (14.53 kg/ha) were achieved in the highest planting density (20×20 cm). The interaction of planting time × planting density significantly affected all measured traits except for the number of tillers and the number of flowering branches. The results of this experiment indicated that selection of suitable planting time and planting density is important to obtain high essential oil yield; fall planting × the highest density (20×20 cm) could produced an acceptable yield in Karaj climatic conditions.

Keywords

References

1. Abbaszadeh B. Effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer and application methods on essential oil of balm (Melissa officinalis L.). M Sc thesis Islamic Azad University Karaj Branch Iran. 2005;120 p. (In Persian with English abstract).
2. Rechinger KH. Satureja in Fl. Iranica. Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt Graz. 1982;150:495-504.
3. Ghahreman A. Plant Systematic. Tehran University Press Tehran, Iran. 1992. (In Persian).
4. Zargari A. Medicinal Plants, vol. II, 3rd edition, Tehran University Press, Iran. 1982. (In Persian).
5. Sefidkon F, Jamzad Z, Barazandeh MM. Essential oil of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge as the source of carvacrol. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research. 2004a;20:425-439.
6. Sefidkon F, Jamzad Z, Mirza M. Chemical variation in the essential oil of Satureja sahendica from Iran. Food Chemistry. 2004b;88:325-328.
7. Darzi MT, Haj Seyed Hadi MH, Yasa N. Effects of sowing date and plant density on yield and quality of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. J Agronomy. 2005;2:27-36.
8. Khajehpour MR. Principles of Agronomy. Jahad Daneshgahi of Isfahan Publications Isfahan, Iran. 1999.
9. Sarmadnya GR, Kochaki A. Crop Physiology. Jahad Daneshghahi of Mashhad Publications, Iran. 1990.
10. Noormohammadi G, Siadat A, Kashani A. Agronomy. vol. 1: Cereal Crops. Shahid Chamran University Press Ahwaz, Iran. 2001; pp:446.
11. Ebadi M, Azizi M, Omidbaigi R, Hassanzadeh Khayyat M. Effect of sowing date and harvest frequency on flower yield, essential oil percent and composition of Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) cv. Presov. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 2009;26:269-308.
12. Sales E, Kanhonou R, Baixauli C, Giner A, Cooke D, Gilbert K, Arrillaga I, Sequra J, Ros R. Sowing date, transplanting, plant density and nitrogen fertilization affect indigo production from Isatis species in a Mediterranean region of Spain. Industrial Crops and Products. 2006;23:29-39.
13. Naguib YN, Hussein MS, El-Sherbeny SE,  Khalil M.Y, Lazari D. Response of Ruta graveolens L. to sowing dates and foliar micronutrients. J Appl Sci Res. 2007;3:1534-1543.
14. Russelle MP, Wilhelm WW, Olson RA, Power JF. Growth analysis based on degree days. Crop Sci. 1984;24:28-32.
15. Seghatoleslami MJ, Ahmadi Bonakdar K. The effect of sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-gracum L.). Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 2009;26:265-274.
16. Mert A, Ayanoglu F. The effect of different plant density on yield, yield component and quality of Artemisia annua. J Haworth. 2002;48:413-418.
17. Arabaci O, Bayram E. The effect of nitrogen fertilization and different plant densities on some agronomic and technologic characteristic of Ocimum basilicum L. (Basil). J Agronomy. 2004;3:255-262.
18. KhaliliMoheleh J, Tajbakhsh M, Faiaz Moghdam A. Effects of plant density on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of forage sorghum in second cropping. Iranian Journal of Research and Development. 200;75:59-67.
19. Blue EN, Teich AH, Smid A. Seed rate for soft winter wheat in south western Ontario. Can J Plant Sci. 1993;73:1071-1073.
20. Rezaei F, Ghodsi M, Kelarestaghi K. Study of the effect of planting date and plant density on yield, developmental rate and agronomical traits of 2 triticale genotypes. Field Crops Research. 2011;9:297-405.
21. Singh S, Buttar G.S,  Singh S.P, Brar D.S. Effect of different dates of sowing and row spacing on yield of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-gracum L.). Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science. 2005;27:629-630.
22. NaghdiBadi H, Yazdani D, Mohammad Ali S, Nazari F. Effects of spacing and harvesting time on herbage yield and quality/quantity of oil in thyme, Thymus vulgaris L. Industrial Crops and Products. 2004;5:51-56.
23. Heidari F, ZehtabSalmasi S, Javanshir A, Aliari H, Dadpoor M.R. The effects of plant densities on yield and essential oil of Peppermint (Menth apiperita L.). J Sci Tech Agri Nat Res. 2008;45:501-519.
24. Lebaschy MH, Sharifi Ashoorabadi E, Bakhtiary M. The effects of plant densities on yields of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. under dry farming J of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 2009;26:121-132.
25. Dadkhah A, Kafi M, Rasam G. The effect of planting date and plant density on growth traits, yield quality and quantity of matricaria (Matricaria chamomilla). J Hor Sci. 2009;23:100-107.
26. Rahmati M, Azizi M, Hasanzadeh Khayyat M, Neamati H. The effects of different level of nitrogen and plant density on the agro morphological characters yield and essential oils content of improved Chamomile (Matricari achamomilla) cultivar "Bodegold". J Hor Sci. 2009;23:27-35.
Journal of Medicinal plants and By-Products
Volume 3, Issue 2
September 2014
Pages 141-146

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics