Variation and Relationships of Shoot Yield, Morphological and Phenological Traits in Chamomile Populations (Anthemis triumfettii)

Authors

1 Natural Resource of Gene Bank Group, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran

2 Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran

3 Department of Rangelands, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The chamomile species of Anthemis triumfettii (L.) All is one of important medicinal plant belong to Compositae family and it grows as wild species in Zagros and Alborz Mountains, Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluation of morphological and phenological traits and their relationships with essential oil. Seeds of seven accessions were sown in jiffy pots and transferred to field using randomize block design with three replications in Alborz research station, Karaj, Iran during 2011-12. Data were collected and analyzed for canopy diameter, plant height, flower number, flowering date, maturity date, shoot fresh and dry weight, Essential oil percentage and GDD to flowering and maturity dates. Results showed significance differences for all traits (P<%1) except of essential oil percent. Populations of Gorgan1 and Gorgan2 had higher values for essential oil yield and shoot yield than other populations. Population of Loshan flowered earlier than other population due to low values of its growth degree days (GDD). Simple correlation analysis showed that shoot dry weight was positively correlated with shoot fresh weight, canopy diameter, flower number, and negatively correlated with flowering and maturity date. Essential oil content was positively correlated with flower number and negatively correlated with flowering and maturity date. Results of stepwise regression analysis for essential oil% as dependant variables and other traits as independent variables showed negative effects of flowering and maturity date and positive effect of canopy diameter on essential oil content. Similarly, for essential oil yield as dependent variables, the shoot dry weight, essential oil%, flowering date and GDD were entered in final regression equation. The results of path analysis showed that maturity date had negative direct effect on oil%. In contrast, both Shoot dry weight and essential oil% had positive and direct effect on oil yield.

Keywords

References

1. Mirheydar  H. Plant Sciences, publisher Publications Office Islamic Culture, 1995; 5:102-95. (In Persian).
2. Jeffrey C. Asterals In: Flowering plants of the world.  (ed. Hey wood, V. H.). Equinox (Oxford), London, 1985;  263-268
3. Mozaffarian V. Flora of Iran, Asteraceae (Compositae): Tribes Anthemideae and Echinopeae, Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, First edition, 2009;59:169. (In Persian).
4. Bremer K, and Humpheries C. On the delimitation of Matricaria Versus Microcephala (Asteraceae: Anthemideae). Plant. Syst. Evol., 1993;200:263-271.
5. Asgharzadeh M, Kafi M. Study application of ornamental plants – pharmaceutical the gardens aesthetic therapist to create maximum efficiency. Proceedings of the Fourth Congress of Iranian Horticultural Science, 2004; 392 p. (In Persian).
6. Omidbeygi  R. Production technology of medicinal plants. Razavi Institution Press, 2006.Vol 3. (In Persian).
7. Alizadeh MA, Khamoshi H, Jafari AA, Daneshian J.  Effect of planting date on vegetative and reproductive growth of Anthemis prythrumpyrethrum A. pseudocotula A. tinctoria and A. triumfetti, In: Proceedings of 12th Agronomy and plant breeding congress. Iran, Karaj, Islamic Azad University (In Persian). 2012.
8. Solouki M, Mehdikhani H, Zeinali H, Emamjomeh, AA. Study of genetic diversity in Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) based on morphological traits and molecular markers, Scientia Hortic. 2008;117:281-287.
9. Klimko M, Gorski M, Czkalski M, Czarna AAnthemis tinctoria L. (Asteraceae) in the Zielonka forest (the Wilkopoleska region, Poland. Rocz. AR Pozn. Bot. Stec. . 2006;10:109-120.
10. Pirkhezri M, Hassani ME, Tabatabai MF. Morphological evaluation of some Chamomile species in two genera, Anthemis and Matricaria in Iran (Matricaria spp, Anthemis spp), J. Hortic. Sci. 2009;23:119-130. (In Persian).
11. Frank AB, Sedives KH, Hofmann L. Determining grazing readiness for native and tame pastures. North Dakota State Univ. Ext. Serv. Bull., 1993;R-1061, Fargo, N.D.,
12. Anonymous.. Hungariana pharamacopoeia, 1984; VII Kiadas, I Kotet Medicine Publication.
13. Siddiqui MH, Oad FC, Jamro  GH. Emergence and nitrogen use efficiency of maize under different tillage operations and fertility levels. Asian J. Plant Sci.  2006;5:508-510.
14. Dadkhah A, Kafi M, Rasam Gh. The effect of planting date and plant density on growth traits, yield quality and quantity of Matricaria (Matricaria chamomilla), J. Hortic. Sci. 2009;23:100 (In Persian).
15. Alizadeh M A, Khamoshi,H  Jafari  AA, Daneshian J. Evaluation of some morphological traits, reproductive and therapeutic essential oils of three species of chamomile Anthemis pseudocotula, tinctoriA. A and A. tiumfettii in two date of cutlture, Reception: print: Medicinal and Aromatic Plant, 2015;2:31 (In Persian)
16. Kohan Moo MA, Agha Alikhani M, Reza Zade Sh, Rejali F. Investigation on growth possibility and comparison of agronomic and phytochemical attributes of Chamomile (Matricaria Chamomilla L.) populations from their natural habitates of Iran in Boushehr province, J. Hortic. Sci. Technol. 2011;11: 87-98. (In Persian).
17. Golparvar AR, Ghasemi Pirbalouti A. Genetic improvement of essence percent and dry flower yield using indirect selection in German Chamomile (Matricaria Chamomilla L.), J. Herbal Drugs 2011;1:33-40. (In Persian)
Journal of Medicinal plants and By-Products
Volume 4, Issue 1
April 2015
Pages 111-119

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics