Evaluation the Variation of Morphine Percentage in Different Turkish Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Lines in Three Years

Authors

1 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

2 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

Abstract

Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) has two major products: alkaloids in the capsules and the seeds. It is known that opium poppy today contains alkaloid in great quantities. Opiate alkaloids and their synthetic derivatives are widely used in medicines which are produced in hundreds of tons for the medicine industry. The study aimed to screen the capsules of six Turkish opium poppy lines to evaluate their morphine percentage. The trial was carried out at the Experimental Fields of the Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture of Ankara University, Turkey during three years. All seeds were sown during first week of October and harvested during second week of July during three years of experimentation to investigate the variation of morphine content. During first year hairless stem and strong capsule types were selected and sown followed by. Alkaloid analysis was performed at the laboratory of the alkaloid factory at Bolvadin province of Turkey in three years. Morphine percentage of six different lines were determined. The results showed that the average of morphine contents of lines ranged 0.731-0.851%, 0,813-1,147% and 0.815-1.142% during 2010, 2011 and 2012 respectively. In conclusion, these opium poppy especially L1 and L2  lines could serve as major source of morphine in future.

Keywords

References

1. Kapoor LD. In: Opium Poppy: Botany, Chemistry and Pharmacology. 1995;1-348.Food Products Press, New York, NY.
2. Weid M, Ziegler J, Kutchan TM. The roles of latex and the vascular bundle in morphine biosynthesis in the opium poppy, (Papaver somniferum L.) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2004;101:13957-13962.
3. Facchini PJ, Park SU. Developmental and inducible accumulation of gene transcripts involved in alkaloid biosynthesis in opium poppy. Phytochemistry.2003; 64:177-186.
4. Gumuşcu A, Arslan N, Saran EO. Evolution of selected poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) lines by their morphine and other alkaloid contents.Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2008;226:1213-1220.
5. Arslan N, Er C, Camcı H. The cultivation of poppy and its problems until sowing ban of poppy was abolished in Turkey (In Turkish). In: Sener B (ed) VIth symposium on plant originated crude drugs, 16-19 May, Turkey. 1986; 99-118.
6. Barberi-Heyob M, Merlin JL, Krakowski I, Kettani C, Collin E. Poulain P. Plasma pharmacokinetics of morphine and morphine-glucuronide using high performance liquid chromatography and colorimetric detection. Bull Cancer. 1991;78:1063-1070.
7. Singh SP, Khanna KR. Genetic variability for some traits in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). Narendra Deva J. Agric Res. 1991;6:88-92.
8. Singh SP, Khanna KR, Shukla S, Dixit BS, Banerjee R.Prospects of breeding opium poppies (P. somniferum L.) as a high linoleic acid crop. J. Genet. Breed. 1995a; 114:89-91.
9. Poehlman F. Breeding Field Crops, AVI Publishing Co. 1987;237-246.
10. Jensen Neal F.Plant Breeding Methodology. John Wiley&Sohns: New York u.a. 1988;29:696-703.
11. Gepts P. A comparison between crop domestication, classical plant breeding, and genetic engineering. Crop Sci. 2002; 42:1780-1790.
12. Harlan J R. Crops and Man. 2nd ed. American Society of Agronomy/Crop Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin.1992; 908-922.
13. Sharma JR, Mishra HO, Lal RK, Srivastava RK. Intraspecific differentiation in Indian opium poppy P. somniferumL. Proc. Indian Natn Sci. Acad. 1992;B58:147-152.
14. Dubedout M. Analysis of progenies from a circular plan of crosses in poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Paris, Orsay. 1993;101.
15.Singh SP, Shukla S, Khanna KR. Opium poppy. In: Adv. in Horticulture, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Vol. 11, Eds.: Chadha, K.L. and Gupta, R. Malhotra Pub. New Delhi, India. 1995b;535-574.
16.Sharma JR, Singh OP. Genetics and genetic improvement.In: The Opium Poppy. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Series 1. Eds.: Akhtan-Husain and Sharma, J.R. CIMAP, Lucknow, India. 1983;39-68.
17. Heltman H, Silva F.The breeding of high yielding inbreds for the production of synthetic poppy variety.Herba Hung. 1978;17:55-60.
18. Dittbrenner A, Mock HP, Borner A, Lohwasser U. Variability of alkaloid content in Papaver somniferum L. J. Appl. Bot. Food Qual. 2009;82:103-107.
19. Ozturk O, Gunlu H. Determining relationships amongst morphine, capsule and oil yield using path coefficient analysis in poppy (Papaversomniferum L.). Asian J. Chem.2008;20:2979-2988.
20. Matyasova E, Novak J, Stranska I, Hejtmankova A, Skalicky M, Hejtmankova K, Hejnak V. Production of morphine and variability of significant characters of Papaversomniferum L. Plant Soil Environ. 2011;57:423-428.
21. Mishra BK, Shukla S, Rastogi A, Sharma A. Study of heritability and genetic advance for effective selection in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 2010;80:470-476.
22. Yadav HK, Shukla S, Singh SP. Genetic combining ability estimates in the F1 and F2 generations for yield, its component traits and alkaloid content in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). Euphytica. 2009b;168 23-32.
23. Yadav HK, Maurya KN, Shukla S, Singh SP. Combining ability of opium poppy genotypes over F-1 and F-2 generations of 8x8 diallelcross. Crop Breed. Appl. Biot. 2009a; 9: 353-360.
24. Bernath J, Danos B, Veres T, Szanto J, Tetenyi P. Variation in alkaloid production in poppy ecotypes: responses to diVerent environments. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 1988;16:171-175.
25. Shukla S, Yadav HK, Rastogi A, Mishra BK, Singh SP. Alkaloid diversity in relation to breeding for specific alkaloids in opium poppy (Papaversomniferum L.). Czech J. Genet.Plant Breed. 2010;46:164-169.
Journal of Medicinal plants and By-Products
Volume 4, Issue 2
September 2015
Pages 209-214

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics