Allelopathy and Anti-mitotic Effects of Cuscuta campestris and Cuscuta monogyna Extracts on Plant Cell Division

Authors

Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch, Saveh, Iran.

Abstract

Some natural compounds of plants including phenols and alkaloids induce mitosis depressive that are blocked cell division. Field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) and eastern dodder (Cuscuta monogyna Vahl.) are the most widespread obligatory parasitic species. In the present study, end of summer 2015, field dodder and eastern dodder are collected from Alhagi maurorum Medik. host and Vine (Vitis sylvestris C.C.Gmel.) host respectively from Markazi province of Iran and identified by department of botany of Islamic Azad University of Saveh. The aerial parts of dodders were used for aqueous extract. Dodders alkaloid and poly phenol were visualized by TLC and Dragendorff (for alkaloid) and ferric salt (for poly phenol) reagents. Total phenols and alkaloid were measured by using the calibration and spectrophotometry methods. Root length and roots tip meristem model of onion bulbs and barley seedlings were utilized to allelopathy and antimitotic effects of dodders aqueous extracts. Standard cytotoxic 8-Hydroxyquinoline served as controls. The bulbs and barley seedlings were treated at various concentrations: 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mgml-1 (dw) of and aqueous extract of dodders and 8-Hydroxyquinoline for 6 and 12 h. The inhibitory effect of dodders extract were evaluated on the growth and mitotic activity (Mitotic index) of barley seedlings and onion root meristems and the effect was compared with standard 8-Hydroxyquinoline. The One Way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis.
 The poly phenols of field dodder was condensed tannins (include flavonoids) but for eastern dodder hydrolysable tannins. Like 8-Hydroxyquinoline, both field and eastern dodders extracts significantly inhibited the growth of roots and mitotic activity in incubation time and dose-dependent manner. However, C. campestris extract was more allelopathy and antimitotic potent in this regard and produced root decay and mitosis arrest. The extract of dodders had inhibitory and mitosis depressive effect on root tip meristem cells. In the present study we found, the dodders aqueous extracts can been used to produce desirable effects as it pertains to chromosome condensation and spread, and though the roles of these chemicals in spindle fiber inhibition have been elucidated, as  8-Hydroxyquinoline.

Keywords

References

1. De Araujo Junior RF, De Souza TP, Pires JG, Soares LA, De Araujo AA, Petrovick PR. A dry extract of Phyllanthus niruri protects normal cells and induces apoptosis in human liver carcinoma cells. Exp Bio Med. 2012;237:1281-1288.
2. Jordan MA. Mechanism of action of antitumor drugs that interact with microtubules and tubulin. Curr. Med. Chem Anti-Canc Agents. 2002;2:1-17.
3. Osalou AR, Rouyandezagh SD, Alizadeh, B, Er C, Sevimay CS.  A comparison of ice cold water pretreatment and ἀ- bromonaphthalene cytogenetic method for identification of Papaver species. Science World J. 2013;8:88-96.
4. Ekong NJ, Akpan GA, Udo IJ. Comparative effects of colchicine, 8-hydroxyquinoline and paradichlorobenzene on arm ratio of mitotic chromosomes of Allium cepa L.  Int. J. Med: Plants and Alternative Med. 2014;2:21-26.
5. Burley J. Karyotype of Sitka Spruce, Picea sitchensis. Silvae Genetica.1964;14:127-137.
6. Xua HS, Wuc YW, Xud SF, Xsuna HX, Chend FY, Yao L. Antitumor and immune modulatory activity of polysaccharides from the roots of Actinidia eriantha. J Ethnopharmaco. 2009;125:310-317.
7. Kanwal D, Abid R, Qaiser M. The seed atlas of Pakistan-iii. Cuscutaceae. Pakistan J. Bot. 2010;42:703-709.
8. Shoji Y, Haruya D, Toshihiro N. An alkaloid and two lignans from Cuscuta chinensis. Phytochem. 1994;37:1755–1757.
9. Ye M, Yan YN, Qiao L, Ni XM. Studies on chemical constituents of Cuscuta chinensis. China J Chinese Materia Medica. 2002;27:115-117.
10. Udavant PB, Satyanarayana SV, Upasani CD. Preliminary screening of Cuscuta reflexa stems for anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity. Asian Pacific J Tropical Biomed.2012;51:303-307.
11. Nisa M, Akbar S, Tariq M, Hussain Z. Effect of Cuscuta chinensis water extract on 7, 12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene-induced skin papillomas and carcinomas in mice. J Ethnopharma. 1986;18:21-31.
12. Ozmen A, Gamze B, Tugba A. Antimitotic and antibacterial effects of the Nigella sativa L. seed. Caryologia. 2007;60:270-272.
13. Umehara K, Nemoto K, Ohkubo T, Miyase T, Degawa M, Noguchi H. Isolation of a new 15-membered macro-cyclic glycolipid lactone, Cuscutic resinoside a from the seeds of Cuscuta chinensis: a stimulator of breast cancer cell proliferation. Planta Medica. 2004;70:299-304.
14. Zhen G, Jiang B, Bao Y, Li D, An L. The protect effect of flavonoids from Cuscuta chinensis in PC12 cells from damage induced by H2O2. Zhong Yao Cai. 2006;29:1051-5.
15. Georgieva M, Kruppa K, Molnár-Láng M, Liu L, Manova V, Stoilov L.  Cytogenetic effects in barley root apical meristem after exposure of dry seeds to lithium ion beams nikolova I. Genetics Plant Physiol. 2015;5:3-9.
16. Leme DC, Marin-Morales MA. Chromosome aberrations and micronucleus frequencies in Allium cepa cells exposed to petroleum polluted water. Mutation Res. 2008;650:80-86.
17. Sharma CB. Plant meristems as monitors of genetic toxicity of environmental chemicals. Current Sci. 1983;52:1000-1002.
18. Baerhemi-Suendsen A, Verpoorte R. Chromatography of alkaloids, part A. TLC, Elseveir, Amesterdam. 1983;253-277.
19. Bamoniri A, Behpour M, Khayat Kashani M. Quantification of total phenolics and tannins of pomegranate extraction for standardization to ellagic acid.J Optoelectronics Biomed Mater. 2010;2:25 – 31.
20. Gutfinger T. Phenols in olive oils. J American Oil Chem Soci. 1981;58:966–968.
21. Chang C, Yang M, Wen H, Chem J. Estimation of total flavonoid contents in plants by two complementary colorimetric methods. J Food Drug Anal. 2002;10:178–182.
22. Renaudin JP. Reversed phase High performance liquid chromatographic. J Chromato. 1984;291:165-174.
23. Fiskesjo G. A 2-3 Day plant test for toxic­ity assessment by measuring the mean root growth of onions (A. cepa L.). Environ. Toxic. Water Qual. 1993;8:461-470.
24. Badria FA, Houssein WE, Zaghloul MG, Halim AF. Antimitotic activity of gossypol and gossypolone. Pharmace Biol. 2001;39:120-126.
25. Inderjit I and Weiners J. Plant allelochemical interference. 2001; Perspective in plant ecology. 2001;4:4-12.
26. Inderjit I and Dakshini KMM. On Laboratory Bioassays in allelopathy. The Botanical Review. 1995;1:29-43.
27. Haslam E. Condenced tannis- structure, and Chapter 4: The hydrolyzable tannins. In: Chemistry of vegetable tannins. Ed. E. Haslam. Academic Press, London. 1966;275-390.
28. Wade RH. On and around microtubules: an overview. Molle. Biotech. 2009;43:177-191.
29. Ding L, Qi L, Jing H, Li J, Wang W, Wang T. Phytotoxic effects of leukamenin E (an ent-kaurene diterpenoid) on root growth and root hair development in Lactuca sativa L. seedlings. J Chem Ecol 2008;34:1492-1500.
30. Wasteneys GO, Ambrose JC. Spatial organization of plant cortical microtubules: close encounters of the 2D kind. Trends Cell Bio. 2009;19:62-71.
31. Rudrappa T, Bonsall J, Gallagher JL, Seliskar DM, Bais HP. Root-secreted allelochemical in the noxious weed Phragmites australis deploys a reactive oxygen species response and microtubule assembly disruption to execute rhizotoxicity. J Chem Ecol. 2007;33:1898-1918.
32. Swamy SMK, Tan BKH. Cytotoxic and immune potentiating effects of ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa seeds. J Etnopharma. 2000;70:1-7.
33. Thabrew MI, Mitry RR, Morsy MA, Hughes RD. Cytotoxic effects of a decoction of Nigella sativa, Hemidesmus indicus and Smilax glabra on human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Life Sci. 2005;77:1319-1330.
34. Mercurykutly VC, Stephen J. Adriamycyn induced genetic toxicity as demonstrated by Allium cepa test. Cytologia. 1980;45:769-777.
35. Schulze E, Kirscher S. Microtubule dy­namics in interphase. Microtubule dy­namics in interphase. Cellular J Cell Bio.1996;102:1020-1021.
36. Akinboro A, Bakare AA.  Cytotoxic and genotoxic ef­fects of aqueous extracts of five medicinal plants on Allium cepa L. J Ethno pharm. 2007;112:470-475.
Journal of Medicinal plants and By-Products
Volume 6, Issue 2
September 2017
Pages 131-138

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics