Study of Catalase, Protease, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Tabernaemontana divaricata Latex

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Soil Science & Ag. Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan - 731236, West Bengal, India

Abstract

The latex was collected from an Indian native species, Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult. The latex was analysed for different bioactivities, i.e., catalase, protease, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Catalase activity was determined by the catalytic decomposition of H2O2, which was monitored by the decrease in the absorbance at 240 nm using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Protease activity was determined by the hydrolysis of milk casein proteins, the resultant hydrolysate was colorimetrically analysed using Folin-Cioclateu   reagent at 700 nm, in a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The antioxidant activity was analysed by the reduction of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) reagent at 518 nm in a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The antibacterial activity was determined by well diffusion method using the agar medium. The antifungal activity was determined by well diffusion method using the potato dextrose agar medium. Based on the results, latex of T. divaricata possessed mild catalase activity (15.2±3.93 U/ml), high protease activity (4461.55±230 µg/ml), and moderate antioxidant activity (28±3.0%). Latex of T. divaricata inhibited Enterococcus faecalis bacteria growth, but did not affect Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The fungal species Aspergillus flavus showed no susceptibility, but A. niger was inhibited by latex of T. divaricata.

Keywords

References

1. Dahanukar SA, Kulkarni RA, Rege NN. Pharmacology of medicinal plants and natural products. Indian J Pharmacol. 2000;32:81-118.
2. Cowan MM. Plant products as anti-microbial agents. Clinical Microbiol. Rev. 1999;12:564-82.
3. Odintsova TI, Vassilevski AA, Slavokhotova AA, Musolyamov AK, Finkina EI, Khadeeva NV.A novel antifungal hevein-type peptide from Triticum kiharaeseeds with a unique 10-cysteine motif. Fed Eur. Biochem Soc. 2009;276:4266-4275.
4. Konno K. Plant latex and other exudates as plant defense systems: roles of various defense chemicals and proteins contained therein. Phytochemistry. 2011;72:1510-1530.
5. Agrawal AA, Konno K. Latex: a model for understanding mechanisms, ecology, and evolution of plant defense against herbivory. Annual Rev. Ecology, Evolution Sys. 2009;40:311-331.
6. Ramos MV, Souza DP, Gomes MTR, Freitas CDT, Carvalho CPS, Júnior PA. A phytopathogenic cysteine peptidase from latex of wild rubber vine Cryptostegia grandiflora. Protein J. 2014;33:199-209.
7. Freitas CD, Silva MZ, Bruno-Moreno F, Monteiro-Moreira AC, Moreira RA, Ramos MV. New constitutive latex osmotin-like proteins lacking antifungal activity. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2015;96:45-52.
8. Anurag AA, Kotaro K. Latex: a model for understanding mechanisms, ecology, and evolution of plant defense Against herbivory. Annual Review of Ecology. Evolution Sys. 2009;40:311-331.
9. Cho WK. Jo Y, Chu H, Park SH, Kim KH. Integration of latex protein sequence data provides comprehensive functional overview of latex proteins. Mol Biol Reports. 2014;41:1469-1481.
10. Looze Y, Boussard P, Huet J, Vandenbussche G, Raussens V, Wintjens R. Purification and characterization of a wound-inducible thaumatin-like protein from the latex of Carica papaya. Phytochemistry. 2009;70:970-978.
11. Rao YV, Raju M. Croton bonplandianum: Antioxidant, Protease, Catalase and Peroxidase activities. J Biological Chemical Res. 2018;35:183-193.
12. Rao YV, Raju M. Anti-oxidant and Proteases activities of seven native plant sources. Int. J Bio-resource Stress Management. 2016;7:1346-1350.
13. Mensor LL, Menezes FS, Leitao GG, Reis AS, Santos TC, Coube CS, Leitao SG. Screening of Brazilian plant extracts for antioxidant activity by the use of DPPH free radical method. Phytotheraphy Res. 2001;15:127-130.
14. Holder IA, Boyce ST. Agar well diffusion assay testing of bacterial susceptibility to various antimicrobials in concentrations nontoxic for human cells in culture. Burns. 1994;20:426-429.
15. Collins CH, Lyne PM. Microbial methods. Baltimore, University Park Press. 3rd ed., 1970; pp 414-427.
16. Havir EA, Mchale NA. Biochemical and developmental characterization of multiple forms of catalase in Tobacco leaves. Plant Physicol. 1987;84:450.
17. Kunce CM, Trelease RN. Heterogeneity of catalase in maturing and germinated cotton seeds. Plant Physiol. 1986;81:1134.
18. Bowler C, Van Montagu M, Inze D. Superoxide dismutase and stress tolerance. Annual Rev. Plant Physicol. 1992;43:83.
19. Scandalios JG, Guan L, Polidoros AN. Catalases in plants: gene structure, properties, regulation and expression, in: Scandalios, J.G. (Ed.), Oxidative Stress and the Molecular Biology of Antioxidant Defences. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. N.Y., 1997; pp 343.
20. Chaudiere J, Ferrari-Lliou R. Intracellular antioxidants: From chemical to biochemical mechanisms. Food Chem. Toxicol. 1999;37:949.
21. Karra-Chaabouni M, Pulvin S, Meziani A, Thomas D, Touraud D, Kunz W. Bio oxidation of nhexanol by alcohol oxidase and catalase in biphasic and micellar systems without solvent. Biotechnol Bioengg., 2003;81:27.
22. Kirkman HN, Gaetani GF. Mammalian catalase: a venerable enzyme with new mysteries. Trends in Biochemical Sci. 2007;32:44.
23. Foyer C, Noctor G. Oxygen processing in photosynthesis: regulation and signalling. New Phytologist. 2000;14:359.
24. Garcia R, Kaid N, Vignaud C, Nicolas J. Purification and some properties of catalase from Wheat germ (Triticum aestivum L.). J Agri Food Chem. 2000;48:1050.
25. Mullen RT, Gifford DJ.Purification and characterization of catalase from Loblolly Pine (Pinustaeda L.) Megagametophytes. Plant Physiol. 1993;103:477.
26. Yoruk IH, Demir H, Ekici K, Sarvan A. Purification and properties of catalase from Van Apple (Golden delicious). Pakistan J Nutrition. 2005;4:8.
27. Ozturk L, Bulbul M, Elmastas M, Cifci M. Purification and some kinetic properties of catalase from parsley (Petroselinum hortense Hoffm., Apiaceae) leaves. Preparative Biochem. Biotechnol. 2007;37:229.
28. Vidyalakshmi A, Selvi E. Protease activity of floral extracts of Jasminum grandiflorum L., a Wound Healing Herb. J. Medicinal Plant Studies. 2013;1:11-15.
29. Walsh G. Biopharmaceuticals: Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 2nd ed, John Wiley and Sons Ltd. England, 2003; pp 398.
30. Gonçalves RN, Suellen DGB, da Silva-López RE. Proteases from Canavalia ensiformis: Active and Thermostable enzymes with potential of application in Biotechnology. Biotechnol. Res. Int. 2016;2016:1-11.
31. Mesquita ML, Desrivot J, Bories C, Fournet A, Paula JE, Grellier P. Antileishmanial and trypanocidal activity of Brazilian Cerrado plants. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 2005;100:783-7.
32. Sudha G, Sangeetha PM, Indhushree R, Vadivukkarasi S.Antioxidant activity of ripe pepino fruit. Int. J. Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Sci. 2011;3:257-260.
33. Rajan S, Mahalakshmi S, Deepa VM, Sathya K, Shajitha S, Thirunalasundari T. Antioxidant potentials of Punica granatum fruit rind extracts. Indian J. Phamaceutical Sci. 2011;3:82-88.
34. Naskar S, Mazumder UK, Pramanik G, Bala A, Haldar PK, Islam A, Gupta M. Comparative in vitro antioxidant activity of different parts of Cocos nucifera (Linn.) on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Indian J Pharmaceutical Sci. 2011;3:104-107.
35. Padmajaa, M., & Hemalathaa, K.P.J. Antioxidant and Free radical scavenging activities of T. divaricata (L.) R. Br. J Pharmacy Res. 2011;4:2981-2984.
36. Tortora GJ, Funke BR, Case CK. Microbiology, an Introduction. The Benjamin / Cummings Publishing Co., California, 1972.
37. Agarwal P, Rai V, Singh RB. Randomized, Placebo-controlled, single blind trial of holy basil leaves in patient with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Int. J. Clinical Pharmacol. Therapeutics. 1996;34:406-409.
38. Gebbharadt LD, Bachtold JG. Antibacterial efficacy of Moringa oleifera and T. divaricata flower extracts on occular pathogens. Proc, Soc. Experimental Biol Medicine. 1955;88:103.
39. Pokhrel NR. Screening and evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants of Nepal and isolation of pure antimicrobial compound from Bauhinia Variegate. J Ethanopharmacol. 2000;89:61-66.
40. Balandrin MF, Klocke JA, Wutule ES, Bollinger WH. Natural plant chemicals: Sources of industrial and medicinal materials. Science 1995;228:1154 -1160.
41. Jones FA. Herbs–useful plants, their role in history and today. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1996;8:1227-1231.
42. Premlata S, Krishan KM, Kumar P. Antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts of Withania somnifera and Cenchrus setigerus In-vitro. Pharmacog J. 2012;4:60-65.
43. Wadhwa S, Bairagi M, Bhatt G, Panday M, Porwal A. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Trachyspermum ammi. Int. J Pharma Biological Archives. 2010;1:131-133.
44. Rana M, Chatterjee S, Kochhar S, Pereira BMJ. Antimicrobial peptides: a new dawn for regulating fertility and reproductive tract infections. J Endocrinol. Reproduction 2006;10:88-95.
45. Natarajan V, Venugopal PV, Menon T. Effect of Azadirachta indica (neem) on the growth pattern of dermatophytes. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2003;21:98-100.
46. Kalaimagal C, Umamaheswari G. Qualitative and quantitative analysis using aerial parts from double flower variety of Tabernemontana divaricata. Int J Ayurveda Pharma Res. 2015;3:31-36.
47. Thombre R, Jagtap R, Patil N. Evaluation of phytoconstituents, antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of Vitex negundo L.and T. divaricata L. Int. J Pharma Bio Sci. 2013;4:389-396.
48. Khusro A. Antibacterial activity of T. divaricata (Apocynaceae) SMS capped silver and gold nanoparticles. Asian J Pharmaceu Clin Res. 2016;1:2-5.
49. Bijeshmon PP, George S. Antimicrobial activity and powder microscopy of the flowers of T. divaricata r. Br.Indo American J Pharm Res. 2014;4:1601-1605.
50. Sumitha J, Chairman, Padmalatha C, RanjitSingh AJA. Antibacterial efficacy of Moringa oleifera and T. divaricata flower extracts on occular pathogens. Int J. Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2015;4:203-216.
51. Sathishkumar T, Baskar R, Rajeshkumar M. In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall. leaves. J Appl Pharmaceutical Sci. 2012;2:17.
52. Gunasheela N, Kiruthiga J. A study on antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity of medicinal plant extracts in clinical pathogens. Int. Res. J Agri Plant Biotechnol. Bio Products. 2014;1:13-21.
53. Hu L, Chen Z. Sesquiteterpenoid alcohols from Chrysanthemum morifolium. Phytochem. 1997;44:1287-1290.
54. Tsuchiya H, Ato M, Miyazaki T, Fujiwara S, Tanigaki S, Ohayama M. Comparative study on the antibacterial activity of phytochemical flavanones against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Ethnopharmacol. 1996;50:27-34.
Journal of Medicinal plants and By-product
Volume 10, Special
April 2021
Pages 61-68

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics