Silicon Stimulates Physiochemical Properties of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) to Improve Growth and Yield under Salt Stress

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Horticulture Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Silicon (Si) has a principal role in mitigating the adverse effects of salt stress on plant growth; however, its effects on physiochemical properties of medicinal plants under salinity is still unknown. This study investigated the effect of Si and salinity on growth, chlorophyll and water content, the antioxidant capacity of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) leaves as factorial in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Foliar application of 50, 100, and 200 mg/L Si and 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl were applied on 4-leaf plants. The results revealed reduced growth by representing lower shoot and root dry weight through progressing the salinity. 100 and 200 mg/L Si represented a greater role in alleviating the salinity stress on growth properties. Salinity significantly reduced chlorophyll (Chl) and relative water content (RWC), but they were improved by Si spraying. Total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) significantly increased up to 100 mM NaCl and then decreased at 200 mM NaCl. Salinity led to increases in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, but higher Si concentration reduced them. 100 mg/L Si and 100 mM NaCl was the best treatment for obtaining the optimum essential oil (EO) percentage and yield. Finally, 100 mg/L Si can be suggested to promote the plant growth and yield by changing physiochemical characteristics under medium or severe salinity.

Keywords


  1. Al-Garni SM, Khan MMA, Bahieldin A. Plant growth-promoting bacteria and silicon fertilizer enhance plant growth and salinity tolerance in Coriandrum sativum. J Plant Interac. 2019;14:386-396.
  2. Wei JN, Liu ZH, Zhao YP, Zhao LL, Xue TK, Lan QK. Phytochemical and bioactive profile of Coriandrum sativum L. Food Chem. 2019;286:260-267.
  3. Mandal S, Mandal M. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) essential oil: Chemistry and biological activity. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2015;5:421-428.
  4. Gastón MS, Cid MP, Vázquez AM, Decarlini MF, Demmel GI, Rossi LI, Salvatierra NA. Sedative effect of central administration of Coriandrum sativum essential oil and its major component linalool in neonatal chicks. Pharm Biol. 2016;54:1954-1961.
  5. Hanin M, Ebel C, Ngom M, Laplaze L, Masmoudi K. New insights on plant salt tolerance mechanisms and their potential use for breeding. Front Plant Sci. 2016;7:1787.
  6. Ahanger MA, Tomar NS, Tittal M, Argal S, Agarwal RM. Plant growth under water/salt stress: ROS production; antioxidants and significance of added potassium under such conditions. Physiol Molecul Biol Plant. 2017;23:731-744.
  7. Liang W, Ma X, Wan P, Liu L. Plant salt-tolerance mechanism: A review. Biochem biophysic Res commun. 2018;495:286-291.
  8. Fatemi H, Pour BE, Rizwan, M. Foliar application of silicon nanoparticles affected the growth, vitamin C, flavonoid, and antioxidant enzyme activities of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) plants grown in lead (Pb)-spiked soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2020;1-9.
  9. Bukhari MA, Ahmad Z, Ashraf MY, Afzal M, Nawaz F, Nafees M, Manan A. Silicon mitigates drought stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through improving photosynthetic Pigments, Biochemical and Yield Characters. Silicon, 2020;1-16.
  10. Abd El-Mageed TA, Shaaban A, Abd El-Mageed SA, Semida WM, Rady, MO. Silicon defensive role in Maize (Zea mays L.) against drought stress and metals-contaminated Irrigation Water. Silicon. 2020;1-12.
  11. Hasanuzzaman M, Nahar K, Rohman MM, Anee TI, Huang Y, Fujita M. Exogenous silicon protects Brassica napus plants from salinity-induced oxidative stress through the modulation of AsA-GSH pathway, thiol-dependent antioxidant enzymes and glyoxalase systems. Gesunde Pflanzen. 2018;70:185-194.
  12. Alzahrani Y, Kuşvuran A, Alharby HF, Kuşvuran S, Rady MM. The defensive role of silicon in wheat against stress conditions induced by drought, salinity or cadmium. Ecotoxicol Environm Saf. 2018;154:187-196.
  13. Yaghubi K, Vafaee Y, Ghaderi N, Javadi T. Potassium silicate improves salinity resistant and affects fruit quality in two strawberry cultivars grown under salt stress. Commun. Soil Sci Plant Anal. 2019;50:1439-1451.
  14. Jana GA, Al Kharusi L, Sunkar R, Al-Yahyai R, Yaish MW. Metabolomic analysis of date palm seedlings exposed to salinity and silicon treatments. Plant Signal Behavior. 2019;14:1663112.
  15. Khorasaninejad S, Hemmati K. Effects of silicon on some phytochemical traits of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) under salinity. Sci Hort. 2020;264:108954.
  16. Saki A, Mozafari H, Asl KK, Sani B, Mirza M. Plant yield, antioxidant capacity and essential oil quality of Satureja mutica supplied with cattle manure and wheat straw in different plant densities. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 2019;50:2683-2693.
  17. Arnon DI. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant physiol. 1949;24:1-9.
  18. Dhopte AM, Manuel LM. Principles and Techniques for Plant Scientists, 1st end. Updesh Purohit for Agrobios (India), Odhpur, ISBN. 2002;81-17754.
  19. Aebi H. Catalase. In Methods of enzymatic analysis. Academic press. 1974, pp. 673-684.
  20. Giannopolitis CN, Ries SK. Superoxide dismutases: I. Occurrence in higher plants. Plant physiol. 1977;59:309-314.
  21. Xu BJ, Chang SKC. A comparative study on phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of legumes as affected by extraction solvents. J Food Sci. 2007;72:S159-S166.
  22. Zhishen J, Mengcheng T, Jianming W. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chem. 1999;64:555-559.
  23. European Pharmacopoeia (Vol. 1). Maissoneuve, SA: Sainte Ruffine. 1983.
  1. Asgari F, Majd A, Jonoubi P, Najafi F. Effects of silicon nanoparticles on molecular, chemical, structural and ultrastructural characteristics of oat (Avena sativa L.). Plant Physiol Biochem. 2018;127:152-160.
  2. Rios JJ, Martínez-Ballesta MC, Ruiz JM, Blasco B, Carvajal M. Silicon-mediated improvement in plant salinity tolerance: the role of aquaporins. Front Plant Sci. 2017;8:948.
  3. Sarker U, Oba S. Salinity stress enhances color parameters, bioactive leaf pigments, vitamins, polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity in selected Amaranthus leafy vegetables. J Sci Food and Agr. 2019;99:2275-2284.
  4. Bybordi A, Saadat S, Zargaripour P. The effect of zeolite, selenium and silicon on qualitative and quantitative traits of onion grown under salinity conditions. Arch Agron Soil Sci. 2018;64:520-530.
  5. Arif Y, Singh P, Siddiqui H, Bajguz A, Hayat S. Salinity induced physiological and biochemical changes in plants: An omic approach towards salt stress tolerance. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2020;156:64-77.
  6. Ibrahim W, Ahmed IM, Chen X, Wu F. Genotype-dependent alleviation effects of exogenous GSH on salinity stress in cotton is related to improvement in chlorophyll content, photosynthetic performance, and leaf/root ultrastructure. Environm Sci Pollut Rese 2017;24:9417-9427.
  7. Pan T, Liu M, Kreslavski VD, Zharmukhamedov SK, Nie C, Yu M. & Shabala, S. Non-stomatal limitation of photosynthesis by soil salinity. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol. 2020;1-35.
  8. Ansari M, Shekari F, Mohammadi MH, Juhos K, Végvári G, Biró B. Salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria enhanced salinity tolerance of salt-tolerant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars at high salinity. Acta Physiol Plant. 2019;41:1-13.
  9. Hassena AB, Zouari M, Trabelsi L, Decou R, Amar FB, Chaari A, and Zouari, N. Potential effects of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in mitigating the salinity of treated wastewater in young olive plants (Olea europaea L. cv. Chetoui). Agricultural Water Management. 2021;245:106635.
  10. Sattar A, Cheema MA, Sher A, Ijaz M, Ul-Allah S, Nawaz A, ... & Ali Q. Physiological and biochemical attributes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings are influenced by foliar application of silicon and selenium under water deficit. Acta Physiol Plant. 2019;41:1-11.
  11. Saleem MH, Kamran M, Zhou Y, Parveen A, Rehman M. Ahmar S, Liu L. Appraising growth, oxidative stress and copper phytoextraction potential of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) grown in soil differentially spiked with copper. J Environm Manage 2020;257:109994.
  12. Haddadi BS, Hassanpour H, Niknam V. Effect of salinity and waterlogging on growth, anatomical and antioxidative responses in Mentha aquatica L. Acta Physiol Plant. 2016;38:119-128.
  13. Shahzad S, Ali S, Ahmad R, Ercisli S, Anjum MA. Foliar Application of Silicon Enhances Growth, Flower Yield, Quality and Postharvest Life of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) under Saline Conditions by Improving Antioxidant Defense Mechanism. Silicon. 2021;1-8.
  14. Ali M, Afzal S, Parveen A, Kamran M, Javed MR, Abbasi GH, ... & Ali S. Silicon mediated improvement in the growth and ion homeostasis by decreasing Na+ uptake in maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars exposed to salinity stress. Plant Physiol Biochemi. 2021;158:208-218.
  15. Bistgani ZE, Hashemi M, DaCosta M, Craker L, Maggi F, Morshedloo MR. Effect of salinity stress on the physiological characteristics, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Thymus vulgaris L. and Thymus daenensis Celak. Ind Crop Prod. 2019;135:311-320.
  1. Gharibi S, Tabatabaei BES, Saeidi G, Goli SAH. Effect of drought stress on total phenolic, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant activity of Achillea species. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2016;178:796-809.
  2. Bistgani ZE, Hashemi M, DaCosta M, Craker L, Maggi, F, Morshedloo MR. Effect of salinity stress on the physiological characteristics, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Thymus vulgaris L. and Thymus daenensis Celak. Ind Crop Prod. 2019;135:311-320.
  3. Hassanvand F, Nejad AR, Fanourakis D. Morphological and physiological components mediating the silicon-induced enhancement of geranium essential oil yield under saline conditions. Ind Crop Prod. 2019;134:19-25.
  4. García-Caparrós P, Romero MJ, Llanderal A, Cermeño P, Lao MT, Segura ML. Effects of drought stress on biomass, essential oil content, nutritional parameters, and costs of production in six Lamiaceae species. Water. 2019;11:573-580.
  5. Farouk S, Omar MM. Sweet basil growth, physiological and ultrastructural modification, and oxidative defense system under water deficit and silicon forms treatment. J Plant Growth Regul. 2020;39:1307-1331.
  6. Helaly MN, Farouk S, Arafa SA, Amhimmid NB. Inducing salinity tolerance of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) plants by chitosan or zeolite application. Asian J Adv Agr Res. 2018;1-20.
  7. Farouk S, Elhindi KM, Alotaibi MA. Silicon supplementation mitigates salinity stress on Ocimum basilicum L. via improving water balance, ion homeostasis, and antioxidant defense system. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020;206:111396.
  8. Talebi M, Moghaddam M, Pirbalouti AG. Methyl jasmonate effects on volatile oil compounds and antioxidant activity of leaf extract of two basil cultivars under salinity stress. Acta Physiol Plant. 2018;40:34-40.