Comparative Study on the Quantity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil, Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenol Content of Some Iranian Native Satureja Species under the Same Conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

2 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran

3 Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Sanandaj, Iran

Abstract

Satureja sp. belonging to the Lamiaceae family, has a wide variety and distribution in the world. In this research, essential oil content and components, phenol and antioxidant potential of five native Satureja species of Iran, including Satureja bachtiarica Bunge Bunge, S. sahendica Bornm., Satureja spicigera (K.Koch) Boiss., S. macrantha C.A.Mey. and S. mutica Fisch & C.A.Mey. were evaluated in the same conditions. The experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest and the lowest essential oil content were obtained from S. mutica (2.05%) and S. sahendica (0.96%), respectively. Thymol was identified as the dominant component of essential oil in S. spicigera and S. macrantha, but in the other species, carvacrol was the dominant constituent in essential oil. In S. sahendica, monoterpene hydrocarbons, but in the other species, oxygenated monoterpenes were as the major constituents of the essential oil. Total phenols of the studied species were not significantly different, but the antioxidant potential of their extracts was significantly different. Cluster analysis based on phytochemical properties, divided the species to two groups: S. spicigera and S. macrantha in one group and the other species in a separate group. Results showed considerable phytochemical diversity among species and therefore the superior species will vary depending on the desired phytochemical properties.

Keywords

References

  1. Ghiaci Yekta M., Khalighi-Sigaroodi F., Didehban Kh., Bahadori F. Comparative evaluation of the essential oils derived from aromatic waters of three thyme species cultivated in Semnan. J. Med. Plant. 2019; 18: 175-184.
  2. Khorshidi J., Morshedloo M.R., Moradi Sh. Comparison of growth properties, essential oil content, total phenol, and antioxidant potential of different populations of three Hypericum species (H. scabrum L., H. asperulum Jaub. & Spach. and H. vermiculare). Iran. J. Med. Arom. Plant. 2020; 36: 655-669.
  3. Jamzad Z. Flora of Iran: Lamiaceae. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran. 2012.
  4. Skocibusic M., Bezic N. Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antimicrobial activity of two Satureja species essential oils. Phyto Res. 2004; 18: 967-970.
  5. Hajhashemi V., Sadraei H., Ghannadi A.R., Mohseni S. Antispasmodic and antidiarrhoeal effect of Satureja hortensis L. essential oil. J Ethnopharm. 2000; 71: 187-192.
  6. Gohari A.R., Hadjiakhoondi A., Sadat-Ebrahimi E., Saeidnia S., Shafiee A. Composition of the volatile oils of Satureja spicigera C. Koch Boiss. and S. macrantha C. A. Mey from Iran. Flav Fragr J. 2006; 21: 510-512.
  7. Noormand Moaied F., Bihamta M.R., Tabaei-Aghdaei S.R, Naghavi M.R. Study of morphological and phytochemical diversity among six (Satureja spp.) in East Azerbaijan province. Iran J Rang Fores Plant Breed Gen. 2020; 27: 252-266.
  8. Nooshkam A., Majnoun Hoseini N., Hadian J., Jahansooz M.R., Khavazi K. The effects of irrigated and rainfed conditions on vegetative yield and essential oil yield of two medicinal species, Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad and S. rechingeri Jamzad in north of Khuzestan. J Crop Prod. 2014; 7: 61-76.
  9. Zarezadeh A., Sefidkon F., Tabaei Aghdaei S.R., Mirhosseini A., Arabzadeh M.R., Mirjalili M.R. Investigation on quality and quantity of essential oil cultivated different Satureja species in Yazd province. Iran J Med Arom Plant. 2017; 33: 509-534.
  10. Ehsani E., Sefidkon F., Hoseyni F. Evaluation of three Satureja species essential oil (S. macrantha, S. rechingeri, S. spicigera) against bacteria that cause hospital infections and Candida albicans. J Molec Cell Res. 2017; 30: 107-119.
  11. Alizadeh A. Essential oil constituents and biological activities of different ecotypes of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. as a traditional herbal drug in southwestern Iran. J Essen Oil Bear Plant. 2016; 19: 1328-1339.
  12. Adams R.P. Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry, Allured Pub Corp. 2007.
  13. Pourmorad F., Hosseinimehr S.J., Shahabimajd N. Antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of some selected Iranian medicinal plants. Afric J Biotech. 2006; 5: 1142-1145.
  14. Arabshahi-Delouee S., Aalami M., Mardani V. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of phenolic extracts of mulberry (Morus indica L.) and mint (Mentha spicata L.) leaves. Food Scie Technol. 2012; 3: 63-76.
  15. Grevsen K., Fretté X.C., Christensen L.P. Content and composition of volatile terpenes, flavonoids and phenolic acids in greek oregano (Origanum vulgare. ssp. hirtum) at different development stages during cultivation in cool temperate climate. Europ J Hort Sci. 2009; 74: 193-203.
  16. Nezhadasad Aghbash B., Pouresmaeil M., Dehghan Gh., Sabzi Nojadeh M., Mobaiyen H., Maggi F. Chemical composition, antibacterial and radical scavenging activity of essential oils from Satureja macrantha C.A.Mey. at different growth stages. Food. 2020; 9: 1-13.
  17. Bakhtiari M., Mozafari H., Karimzadeh Asl Kh., Sani B., Mirza M. Bio-organic and inorganic fertilizers modify leaf nutrients, essential oil properties, and antioxidant capacity in medic savory (Satureja macrantha L.). J Biol Res. 2020; 93: 1-8.
  18. Sefidkon F., Jamzad Z. Chemical composition of the essential oil of three Iranian Satureja species (S. mutica, S. macrantha and S. intermedia). Food Chem. 2005; 91: 1-4.
  19. Saki A., Mozafari H., Karimzadeh Asl Kh., Sani B., Mirza M. Plant yield, antioxidant capacity and essential oil quality of Satureja mutica supplied with cattle manure and wheat straw in different plant densities. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 2019; 50: 2683-2693.
  20. Farzaneh M., Kiani H., Sharifi R., Reisi M., Hadian J. Chemical composition and antifungal effects of three species of Satureja (S. hortensis, S. spicigera, and S. khuzistanica) essential oils on the main pathogens of strawberry fruit. Post Biol Tech. 2015; 109: 145-151.
  21. Sefidkon F., Jamzad Z. Essential oil composition of Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss. from Iran. Flav Frag J. 2004; 19: 571-573.
  22. Sadeghi Ghotbabadi F., Alizadeh A., Zadehbagheri M., Kamelmanesh M.M., Shaabani M. Phytochemical composition of the essential oil, total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in Iranian Satureja sahendica Bornm. at different ontogenesis conditions. J Med Plant Res. 2012; 6: 3525-3534.
  23. Sefidkon F., Jamzad Z., Mirza M. Chemical variation in the essential oil of Satureja sahendica from Iran. Food Chem. 2004; 88: 325-328.
  24. Khadivi-Khub A., Salehi-Arjmand H., Hadian J. Morphological and phytochemical variation of Satureja bachtiarica populations from Iran. Indu Crop Prod. 2014; 54: 257-265.
  25. Moein M, Karami F., Tavallali H., Ghasemi Y. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. from Iran. Iran J Pharma Scie. 2012; 8: 277-281.
  26. Burt S. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods: a rewiev. Int J Food Microbiol. 2004; 94: 223-253.
  27. Faker Baher Z., Rezaee M.B., Mirza M., Abaszadeh B. Research on quality and quantity changes of essential oil of Satureja hortensis L. under water stress in field. Iranian J Med Arom Plant. 2002; 11: 37-51.
  28. Kaeidi A., Rahmani M.R., Hassanshahi J. The protective effect of carvacrol and thymol as main polyphenolic compounds of thyme on some biologic systems in disease condition: a narrative review. J Rafsanjan Uni Med Scie. 2020; 19: 81-96.
  29. Lahooji A., Mirabolfathy M., Karami-Osboo R. Effect of Zataria multiflora and Satureja hortensis essential oils, thymol and carvacrol on growth of Fusarium gramineum isolates and deoxynivalenol production. Iran J Plant Pathol. 2010; 46: 37-50.
  30. Piluzza G., Bullitta S. Correlations between phenolic content and antioxidant properties in twenty-four plant species of traditional ethno veterinary use in the Mediterranean area. Pharma Biol. 2011; 49: 240-247.
  31. Sies H., Stahl W. Vitamins E and C, beta-carotene, and other carotenoids as antioxidants. Amer J Clin Nutr. 1995; 62: 1315-1321.
  32. Rumley A.G., Paterson J.R. Analytical aspects of antioxidants and free radical activity in clinical biochemistry. Annal Clin Biochem. 1998; 35: 181-200.
  33. Tapiero H., Tew K.D., Nguyen BaG., Mathe G. Polyphenols: do they play a role in the prevention of human pathologies?. Biomed Pharma. 2002; 56: 200-207.
Journal of Medicinal plants and By-Products
Volume 12, Issue 3
September 2023
Pages 259-266

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics