Long-term Effect of Drying Method on the Alkaloid of Atropa belladonna L. Leaves During Storage

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Horticulture, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Atropa belladonna L. is a perennial plant belonging to the Solanaceae family. The plants of Solanaceae family are the best-known source of tropane alkaloids primary hyoscyamine and scopolamine that act on the Parasympatic nervous system. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of storage on the alkaloid content of A. belladonna L. leaves dried by different traditional drying methods such as shade drying, sun drying, and also hot air drying at temperature of 80 °C and oven drying at temperature of 80 °C. Alkaloid compounds were measured after 1, 15, 30, and 60 days of storage. The alkaloids were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method immediately after drying and during storage. Analysis of the experimental data revealed that the amount of total alkaloid, atropine, and scopolamine was significantly different (p< 0.01) for different drying methods and storage time. The total alkaloid was significantly at the lowest level in sun-dried samples while it was at the highest level in shade-dried samples. The atropine and scopolamine contents increased significantly just after one-day storage in the samples dried by hot air drying at 80 °C. Storage caused fluctuation in the amount of alkaloids compounds. The atropine content decreased in the oven drying method at 80 °C on the first day of storage and increased after 60 days of storage. The scopolamine content increased in the oven drying method at 80 °C after 15 days of storage.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Jandric Z., Rathor M.N., Svarc-Gajic J., Maestroni B.M., Sasanya J.J., Djurica R., Cannavan A. Development of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of tropane alkaloids and glycoalkaloids in crops. Food Additives & Contaminants. 2011; 28: 1205–1219.
  2. Jirschitzka J., Schmidt G.W., Reichelt M., Schneider B., Gershenzon J., Charles D'Auria J. Plant tropane alkaloid biosynthesis evolved independently in the Solanaceae and erythroxylaceae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012; 109(26): 10304–10309.
  3. Asaadi AM, Khoshnod Yazdi A. Ecological properties of medicinal plant of Hymenocratercalycinus (Boiss.) Benth. in north- eastern Khorasan, Iran. J Med Plants and By-products. 2018; 2: 189-198.
  4. Karimian M, Najafi R, Jaimand K, Hatami F, Abbasi N, Jalali Ghalousangh A. Extraction and identification of phytochemicals in Iranian oak (Quercus brantii var. Persica) collected in Arghavan valley, Ilam county by HS-SPME and GC-MS. J Med Plants & By-products. 2020; 1: 81-86.
  5. Aehle E., Dräger B. Tropane alkaloid analysis by chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques: an update. J of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sci. 2010; 878(17-18): 1391-1406.
  6. Sowa I, Zielin´ska S, Sawicki J, Bogucka-Kocka A, Staniak M, Bartusiak-Szczesniak E, Podolska-Fajks M, Kocjan R, Wo´jciak-Kosior M. Systematic evaluation of chromatographic parameters for isoquinoline alkaloids on XB-C18 core-shell column using different mobile phase compositions. J of Analytical Methods in Chem. 2018; 2018(3): 1-8.
  7. Arráez-Román D., Zurek G., Bäßmann C., Segura-Carretero A., Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Characterization of Atropa belladonna compounds by capillary electrophoresis- electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis. 2007; 29: 2112–2116.
  8. Rajput H. Effects of Atropa belladonna as an Anti-Cholinergic. Natural Products Chem & Res. 2014; 1(1): 103-104.
  9. Grynkiewicz G., Gadzikowska M. Tropane alkaloids as medicinally useful natural products and their synthetic derivatives as new drugs. Institute of Pharm. 2008; 60: 439-463.
  10. Ahmadian Chashmi N., Sharifi M., Karimi F., Rahnama H. Differential production of tropane alkaloids in hairy roots and in vitro cultured two accessions of Atropa belladonna under nitrate treatments. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C- A J Biosciences. 2010; 65(5-6): 373 – 379.
  11. Bensaddek L., Gillet F., Saucedo J.E.N., Fliniaux M.A. The effect of nitrate and ammonium concentrations on growth and alkaloid accumulation of Atropa belladonna hairy roots. J Biotechnology. 2000; 85(2001): 35–40.
  12. Vakili B., Karimi F., Sharifi M., Behmanesh M. Chromium-induced tropane alkaloid production and H6H gene expression in Atropa belladonna (solanaceae) in vitro-propagated plantlets. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2012; 52: 98-103.
  13. Jakabova S., Vincze L., Farkas A., Kilar F., Boros B., Felinger A. Determination of tropane alkaloids atropine and scopolamine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in plant organs of Datura J Chromatography A. 2012; 1232: 295-301.
  14. Kumar R., Sharma S., Sharma S., Kumar N. Drying methods and distillation time affects essential oil content and chemical compositions of Acorus calamus in the western Himalayas. J Applied Res Med & Aro Plants. 2016; 3(3): 136-141.
  15. Kaur N., Lunn K., Lloyd-West C., De Bonth A.C.M., Mace W.J. Characterizing the effect of two different drying techniques (oven and freeze drying) on the concentration of alkaloids in endophyte-infected herbage. Proceedings of the 5th Australasian Dairy Science Symposium Con. 2014.
  16. Poós T., Varju E. Drying characteristics of medicinal plants. International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering. 2017; 8(1): 83-91.
  17. Argyropoulos D., Müller J. Effect of convective-, vacuum- and freeze drying on sorption behaviour and bioactive compounds of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis). J Applied Research on Med and Aro Plants. 2014; 1(2): 59-69.
  18. Rocha R.P. Influence of drying process on the quality of medicinal plants: A review. J Med Plants Res. 2011; 5(33): 7076-7084.
  19. Tanko H, Julie Carrier D, Duan L, Clausen E. Pre- and postharvest processing of medicinal plants. Plant Genetic Resources. 2005; 69: 1-11.
  20. Mahapatra A.K., Nguyen C. Drying of medicinal plants. Acta horticulturae. 2007; 756: 47-54.
  21. .Lin SD,. Sung J.M., Chen C.L. Effect of drying and storage conditions on caffeic acid derivatives and total phenolics of Echinacea purpurea grown in Taiwan. Food Chem. 2011; 125: 226–231.
  22. Kaur R., Kaur K., Ahluwalia P. Effect of drying temperatures and storage on chemical and bioactive attributes of dried tomato and sweet pepper. LWT - Food Sci Tech. 2019; 117: 108604.
  23. Müller J., Heindl A. Drying of medicinal plants. In: Bogers RJ, Cracker LE, Lange D (Eds.). Medicinal and Aromatic Plants – Agricultural, Commercial, Ecological, Legal, Pharmacological and Social Aspects, Springer-Verlag Publication, 2006, 237–252.
  24. Tong Y., Zhu X., Yan Y., Liu R., Gong F., Zhang L., Hu J., Fang L., Wang R., Wang P. The Influence of different drying methods on constituents and antioxidant activity of saffron from China. International J Analytical Chem. 2015; 1: 1-8.
  25. Sun R., Hikosaka S., Goto E., Sawada H., Saito T., Kudo T., Ohno T., Yoshimatsu K., Kawano N., Inui T., Kawahara N. Effects of postharvest storage and drying temperatures on four medicinal compounds in the root of Chinese Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis). Environ Control in Biol (ECB). 2013; 51(4): 149-155.
  26. Hossain M.B., Brunton N.P., Rai D.K. Effect of drying methods on the steroidal alkaloid content of potato peels, shoots and berries. Molecules. 2016; 21(4): 403-413.
  27. Atlabachew M., Chandravanshi B.S., Redi-Abshiro M., Torto N., Chigome S., Pule B.O. Evaluation of the effect of various drying techniques on the composition of the psychoactive phenylpropylamino alkaloids of khat (Catha edulis Forsk) chewing leaves. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia. 2013; 27(3): 347-358.
  28. Chappell J.S., Lee M.M. Cathinone preservation in khat evidence via drying. Forensic Science International. 2010; 195(1-3): 108-120.
  29. Gerson E.A., Kelsey R.G. Foliar storage and extraction methods for quantitative analysis of piperidine alkaloids from ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). Phytochemical Analysis. 1999; 10(6): 322–327.
  30. Şengül M., Keleş F., Keleş M.S. The effect of storage conditions (temperature, light, time) and variety on the glycoalkaloid content of potato tubers and sprouts. Food Control. 2004; 15(4): 281-286.
  31. Kamada H., Okamura N., Satake M., Harada H., Shimomura K. Alkaloid production by hairy root cultures in Atropa belladonna. Plant Cell Reports. 1986; 5: 239-242.
  32. Hank H., Szoke E., To'th K., Laszlo L., Kursinszki L. Investigation of tropane alkaloids in genetically transformed Atropa belladonna cultures. Chromatographia Supplement. 2004; 60: S55–S59.
  33. Nesměrák K., Kudláček K., Štícha M., Červený V., Kunešová J., Yildiz I. HPLC–MS analysis of ipecacuanha alkaloids in pharmaceutical relics from eighteenth century. Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly. 2018; 149(9): 1535-1542.
  34. Barros P.M.S.S., De Couto N.M.G., Silva A.S.B., Barbosa W.L.R. Development and validation of a method for the quantification of an alkaloid fraction of Himatanthus lancifolius (Muell. Arg.) woodson by ultraviolet spectroscopy. J Chem. 2013; 2013(2013): 1-5.
  35. Bahmanzadegan A., Sefidkon F., Sonboli A. Determination of Hyoscyamine and scopolamine in four hyoscyamus species from Iran. Iranian J Pharmaceutical Res. 2009; 8(1): 65-70.
  36. Hosseini N., NejadEbrahimi S., Salehi P., Asghari B., Ahmadi M. Simultaneous determination of atropine and scopolamine in different parts of hyoscyamus arachnoideus pojark plants by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). J Med Plants Res. 2011; 5(15): 3552-3557.
  37. Harborne J.B. Phytochemical Methods: a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis, Chapman and Hall, 1973.
  38. Karimi F., Amini Eshkevari T., Zeinali A. Differences of total alkaloid, atropine and scopolamine contents in leaves of Atropa belladonna from Vaz area - north of Iran in relation to some environmental and phenological factors. Iranian J Plant Biol. 2009; 1(1-2): 77-88.
  39. Ashtiania F., Sefidkon F. Tropane alkaloids of Atropa belladonna and Atropa acuminata Royle ex Miers plants. J Med Plants Res. 2011; 5(29): 6515-6522.
  40. Dincer C., Torun M., Tontul I., Topuz A., Sahin-Nadeem H., Gokturk R.S., Tugrul-Ay S., Ozdemir F. Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of Sideritis lycia and Sideritis libanotica linearis: effects of cultivation, year and storage. J Applied Res Med & Aro Plants. 2017; 5: 26-32.
  41. Thorat P.P., Sawate A.R., Kadam S.M., Patil B.M. Effect of drying on phytochemical composition of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) powder. Annals Phytomed. 2018; 7(2): 183-188.
Journal of Medicinal plants and By-Products
Volume 12, Issue 2
June 2023
Pages 159-165

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics