Evaluation of Phenolic and Flavonoid Content, Alkaloids, Antioxidant Capacity and Antibacterial Properties of Methanolic Extract of Zahak Native Medicinal Plants Against Seven Pathogens

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agriculture Institute, Research Institute of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

2 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of medical sciences, Zabol, Iran

3 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

4 Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

5 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

Abstract

In general, the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics has become one of the major concerns of human society and the health care system. The aim of this study was to evaluate total phenol, flavonoids content, alkaloids, antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity of 7 medicinal plants extracts in Sistan climatic conditions against pathogens. Plant samples were collected from the collection of the Agricultural Research Institute of medicinal plants, University of Zabol and dried in normal shade and room temperature. A Methanolic extract of the leaves of snake grass, eucalyptus, tatura, Musquit bean, Watercress, rosemary and olive was prepared by cold maceration method. Total phenol content by using folin-ciocalteu reagent method, total flavonoid content by aluminum chloride colorimetric method, antioxidant capacity by DPPH free radical scavenging assay and antibacterial activity of extracts by agar diffusion method and measurement of growth inhibition zone or Disk diffusion was measured. The analysis of variance showed that there was a statistically significant difference between different medicinal plants at a probability level of 5%. In the present experiment, the highest phenolic content (110.78 mg/q D.W.) in the Rosemary methanolic extract, the highest total flavonoid content (4.55 mg GA/g D.W.) in Eucalyptus extract and the highest antioxidant activity (93.1%) in the Olive extract were observed. Also, the largest diameter of Disk diffusion (25 mm) was observed in the medium containing Rosemary extract and against Streptococcus pyogenes.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahameethunisa A.R., Hopper W. In vitro antimicrobial activity on clinical microbial strains and antioxidant properties of Artemisia parviflora. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials. 2012; 11(1): 1-7.
  2. Abbas-Al-Khafaji Z.K., Aubais-aljelehawy Q.h. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance and prevalence of multi-antibiotic resistant genes among Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from patients admitted to al-yarmouk hospital. Cell. Mol. Biomed. Rep. 2021; 1(2): 60-68.
  3. Ahani H., Attaran S. Therapeutic potential of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in medical sciences. Cell. Mol. Biomed. Rep. 2022; 2(1): 22-32.
  4. Hancock R E. Mechanisms of action of newer antibiotics for Gram-positive pathogens. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2005; 5(4): 209-218.
  5. Fooladvand Z., Fazeli-nasab B. Antibacterial activities of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. extract against eight bacteria. Journal of Herbal Drugs (An International Journal on Medicinal Herbs). 2014; 5(1): 13-18.
  6. Ahmadi S. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of medicinal plant species and endophytes. Cell. Mol. Biomed. Rep. 2022; 2(2): 109-115.
  7. Arsana I.N., Juliasih N.K.A., Ayu Sauca Sunia Widyantari A.A., Suriani N.L., Manto A. GC-MS Analysis of the Active Compound in Ethanol Extracts of White Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and Pharmacological Effects. Cell. Mol. Biomed. Rep. 2022; 2(3): 151-161.
  8. Uniyal S.K., Singh K., Jamwal P., Lal B. Traditional use of medicinal plants among the tribal communities of Chhota Bhangal, Western Himalaya. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine. 2006; 2(1): 1-8.
  9. Valizadeh M., Beigomi M., Fazeli-Nasab B. Antibacterial and Anti biofilm effects of ethanol and aceton leaf extract of Momordica charantia and Tecomella undulata against Acinetobacter baumannii. Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biomed. Res. 2020; 8(4): 403-418.
  10. Aubais aljelehawy Q.h., Hadi Alshaibah L.H., Abbas Al- Khafaji Z.K. Evaluation of virulence factors among Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf teaching hospital. Cell. Mol. Biomed. Rep. 2021; 1(2): 78-87.
  11. Doosti-Moghaddam M., Miri H.R., Ghahghaei A., Hajinezhad M.R., Saboori H. Effect of unripe fruit extract of Momordica charantia on total cholesterol, total triglyceride and blood lipoproteins in the blood of rats with hyperlipidemia. Cell. Mol. Biomed. Rep. 2022; 2(2): 74-86.
  12. Djeussi D.E., Noumedem J.A., Seukep J.A., Fankam A.G., Voukeng I.K., Tankeo S.B., Nkuete A.H., Kuete V. Antibacterial activities of selected edible plants extracts against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013; 13(1): 1-8.
  13. Sagdic O., Karahan A., Ozcan M., Ozkan G. Note: effect of some spice extracts on bacterial inhibition. Food Sci and Technology International. 2003; 9(5): 353-358.
  14. Khodadadi S, Mahdinezhad N, Fazeli-Nasab B, Heidari M J, Fakheri B, Miri A. Investigating the Possibility of Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Vaccinium arctostaphlyos Extract and Evaluating Its Antibacterial Properties. Biomed Res. Int. 2021; 2021: Article ID: 5572252.
  15. Mirzaei A.R., Fazeli F. Bioinformatics analysis of microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3A) and (BECN1) genes in autophagy. Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports. 2022; 2(3): 129-137.
  16. Mirzaei A.R., Shakoory-Moghadam V. Bioinformatics analysis and pharmacological effect of Stevia rebaudiana in the prevention of type-2 diabetes. Cell. Mol. Biomed. Rep. 2022: 64-73.
  17. Tabin S., Gupta R.C., kamili A.N., parray J.A. Medical and medicinal importance of Rheum spp. collected from different altitudes of the Kashmir Himalayan range. Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports. 2022; 2(3): 187-201.
  18. Aunpad R., Na-Bangchang K. Pumilicin 4, a novel bacteriocin with anti-MRSA and anti-VRE activity produced by newly isolated bacteria Bacillus pumilus strain WAPB4. Current microbiology. 2007; 55(4): 308-313.
  19. Alzoreky N., Nakahara K. Antibacterial activity of extracts from some edible plants commonly consumed in Asia. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2003; 80(3) : 223-230.
  20. Mau J-L., Chen C-P., Hsieh P-C. Antimicrobial effect of extracts from Chinese chive, cinnamon, and corni fructus. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2001; 49(1): 183-188.
  21. Doddanna S.J., Patel S., Sundarrao M A, Veerabhadrappa R S. Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts on Candida albicans: An in vitro study. Indian J. Dental Research. 2013; 24(4): 401.
  22. Nzeako B., Al-Kharousi Z.S., Al-Mahrooqui Z. Antimicrobial activities of clove and thyme extracts. Sultan Qaboos University Medical J. 2006; 6(1): 33-39.
  23. Bakal S.N., Bereswill S., Heimesaat M M. Finding novel antibiotic substances from medicinal plants—antimicrobial properties of Nigella sativa directed against multidrug resistant bacteria. European J. Microbiology and Immunology. 2017; 7(1): 92-98.
  24. Bayat A., Shahanipour K. The antibacterial effect of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Stachys schtschegleevii (poulk) leave on bacteria causing urinary infection. Qom University of Medical Sci. J. 2015; 9(10): 33-39.
  25. Firoozkouhi F., Bahabadi E., Mohkami Z., Yousefzaei F. The effect of different solvents on total phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of different organs of Momordica charantia L. cultured in Sistan region. Eco-phytochemical J. Medicinal Plants. 2018; 5(4): 74-85.
  26. Lopes C.L., Pereira E., Soković M., Carvalho A.M., Barata A.M., Lopes V., Rocha F., Calhelha R.C., Barros L., Ferreira I.C. Phenolic composition and bioactivity of Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav. samples from different geographical origin. Molecules. 2018; 23(5): 1037.
  27. Lee S.E., Hwang H.J., Ha J-S., Jeong H-S., Kim J.H. Screening of medicinal plant extracts for antioxidant activity. Life sciences. 2003; 73(2): 167-179.
  28. Barros A.C.d.A. Estudos Sobre o Potencial do Bambu Guadua angustifolia Kunz. Para a Fitorremediação dos Metais Pesados Zinco e Cádmio. 80 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Química; Biotecnologia) - Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió. 2007.
  29. Gilles M., Zhao J., An M., Agboola S. Chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of essential oils of three Australian Eucalyptus species. Food chemistry. 2010; 119(2): 731-737.
  30. Dixon R A, Paiva N.L. Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. The plant cell, 1995; 7(7): 1085.
  31. Fazeli-Nasab B., Mirzaei N. Evaluation of total phenol and flavonoid content in a wide range of local and imported plants. Scientific J. Ilam University of Medical Sci. 2018; 26(2): 141-154.
  32. Saboura A., Ahmadi A., Zeinali A., Parsa M. Comparison Between the Contents of Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds and Aerial Part Antioxidant Activity in Scutellaria pinnatifida in Two NorthIranian Populations. [Research]. J. Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. 2014; 13(3): 249-266.
  33. Singh S., Singh R. In vitro methods of assay of antioxidants: an overview. Food Reviews International, 2008; 24(4): 392-415.
  34. Amzad Hossain M., Shah M.D. A study on the total phenols content and antioxidant activity of essential oil and different solvent extracts of endemic plant Merremia borneensis. Arabian J. Chem. 2015; 8(1): 66-71.
  35. Mirzaei A., Mohammadi J., Mirzaei N., Mirzaei M. The Antioxidant Capacities and Total Phenolic Contents of Some Medicinal Plants in Iran. J. Fasa University of Medical Sci. 2011; 1(3): 160-167.
  36. Jamshidi M., Ahmadi-Ashteiani H.R., Shamsali R., Fathi Azad F., Mazandarani M., Khaki A. Analysis and Comparison of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of some plant species native to the Caspian. J. Medicinal Plants. 2010; 9(2): 177-183 (In Persian).
  37. Fathiazad F., Ahmadi-Ashtiani H., Rezazadeh S., Jamshidi M., Mazandarani M., Khaki A. Study on phenolics and antioxidant activity of some selected plant of Mazandaran Province. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2010; 9(34): 177-183.
  38. Fazli R., Nazarnezhad N., Ebrahimzadeh M., Zabihzadeh M. Evaluation of the Antioxidant capacities and Total Phenolic Contents of beech and oak Barks. Armaghane danesh. 2013; 18(2): 137-145.
  39. Fazli R, Nazarnezhad N, Ebrahimzadeh M A. Evaluation of phenols and flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the bark of beech, hornbeam, and pine. Journal of the Forest and Wood Products. 2013; 66(3): 339-342.
  40. Baba S.A., Malik A.H., Wani Z.A., Mohiuddin T., Shah Z., Abbas N., Ashraf N. Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of different tissue types of Crocus sativus and oxidative stress alleviating potential of saffron extract in plants, bacteria, and yeast. South African J. Botany. 2015; 99: 80-87.
  41. Baba S.A., Malik S.A. Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of a root extract of Arisaema jacquemontii Blume. J Taibah University for Sci. 2015; 9(4): 449-454.
  42. Rashedi H., Amiri H., Gharezi A. Assessment of phytochemical and antioxidant properties of the Capparis spinosa L. Khuzestan province. J. Qazvin University of Medical Sci. 2015; 18(6): 11-17.
  43. Fazeli-nasab B, Moshtaghi N, Forouzandeh M. Effect of Solvent Extraction on Phenol, Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activity of some Iranian Native Herbs. Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 2019; 27(3): 14-26
  44. Mohkami Z., Ranjbar A., Bidarnamani F. Essential oil compositions and antibacterial properties of mint (Mentha longifolia L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Annual Research & Review in Biology. 2014; 4(17): 2675-2683.
  45. Zaynab M, Fatemeh B, Mohammad F, MalikeSadat E. Antioxidant activity of Olea europaea L. extracts from two different regions of Iran. International J. Agriculture and Crop Sci. 2015; 8(1): 68-72.
  46. García-Macías P., Ordidge M., Vysini E., Waroonphan S., Battey N.H., Gordon M.H., Hadley P., John P., Lovegrove J.A., Wagstaffe A. Changes in the flavonoid and phenolic acid contents and antioxidant activity of red leaf lettuce (Lollo Rosso) due to cultivation under plastic films varying in ultraviolet transparency. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2007; 55(25): 10168-10172.
  47. Sharma R., Samant S., Sharma P., Devi S. Evaluation of antioxidant activities of Withania somnifera leaves growing in natural habitats of North-west Himalaya, India. J. Medicinal Plants Res. 2012; 6(5): 657-661.
  48. Van Acker S.A., Tromp M.N., Griffioen D.H., Van Bennekom W.P., Van Der Vijgh W.J., Bast A. Structural aspects of antioxidant activity of flavonoids. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 1996; 20(3): 331-342.
  49. Fazeli-Nasab B., Rahnama M., Shahriari S. The antimicrobial properties of hydro-alcoholic extracts of 29 medicinal plants on E. Coli and Staphylococcus aureus microbes. New Findings in Veterinary Microbiology. 2019; 1(2): 1-15.
Journal of Medicinal plants and By-product
Volume 13, Issue 1
March 2024
Pages 57-65

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics