Phytochemical Compounds, Antioxidant Activity and HPLC Polyphenols Profiling of Echinops ritro L. ecotypes

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Medicinal plant department, Shahid Bakeri Higher Education Center of Miandoab, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

2 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

Abstract

In this research, phytochemical compounds, antioxidant activity and polyphenolic compounds of 27 ecotypes of Echinops ritro were investigated. Total carotenoid and beta-carotene were evaluated as plant pigments. Total phenol, total flavonoid, antioxidant activity and total carbohydrate content were measured using Folin–Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride, anthrone and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods, respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and Principal component analysis (PCA) were done among the traits using Minitab software. R software based on Pearson's method was used for correlation between data. The highest levels of total carotenoid content (16.17 μg/g FW) and beta-carotene (0.024 mg/g FW) were obtained in G19. The value of total phenol, total flavonoid, antioxidant activity and total carbohydrate content were ranged between 5.42-22.60 mg GAE/g FW, 1.56-4.21 mg QUE/g FW, 2.30-16.52 mg AA/g FW and 1.76-6.66 mg/g FW, respectively. p-coumaric acid (538.29 μg/g FW) were revealed as major phenolic compounds of Echinops ecotypes, being an order of magnitude higher than the others. Based on HCA and PCA, twenty-seven of Echinops ecotypes were divided into four main groups. Quantitative phenolic compounds were detected by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The findings showed that G19, G25, G12, G4, G15 and G4 of Echinops ecotypes can be considered as an excellent source of total carotenoid content and beta-carotene, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, total carbohydrate content and p-coumaric acid, respectively. Therefore, the information from this research can be useful for introducing valuable Echinops ecotypes for use in the food and pharmaceutical industries as well as breeding projects.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products
Volume 15, Issue 2
January and February 2026
Pages 281-289

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