Impact of Domestication on the Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Zepern. & Timler Root Bark Extracts Chemical Content in Western, Burkina Faso

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) / Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) / Laboratoire de Recherche-Développement de Phytomédicaments et Médicaments (LR-D/PM), Ouagadougou / Burkina Faso

2 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles, 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso

3 Université Ledea Bernard OUEDRAOGO, UFR/ST, Département de Physique et Chimie, Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso

4 Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales, UFR/SVT, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso

Abstract

Plant domestication is subject to difficulties associated with ecological adaptation and morphological and phytochemical variability that can affect the yield and bioactive composition of the domesticated plant. This study analyses the variability of vanillic acid content in root bark extracts of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Zepern. & Timler, comparing wild and domesticated individuals. This analysis was conducted by evaluating plant growth parameters, performing thin-layer chromatography, and determining the presence of phenolic compounds. Thin-layer chromatography analysis confirmed the presence of vanillic acid in all samples. Furthermore, a negative correlation was observed between the stem diameter of the wild individuals and the vanillic acid content (R2 = -0.27; p = 0.515) and between the stem diameter of the domesticated individuals and the vanillic acid content (R2 = -0.57; p = 0.0847) of the root bark extracts. This suggests that trunk diameter is not a reliable indicator of active compound richness. These results highlight the ecological influence of domestication and plant origin on the secondary metabolism of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides. The study contributes to a better understanding of intraspecific chemical diversity in relation to domestication, development, and ecological variability of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Guendéhou F., Djossa B.A., Kenou C., Assogbadjo C.A.E. Review of studies on Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloids (Lam): availability and ethnomedical, phytochemical. Scholars Journal of Research in Agriculture and Biology. 2018;3(3):244–54.
  2. Compaoré S., Belemlilga M.B., Belemnaba L., Zèba M., Ouédraogo N., Ouedraogo S., Thiombiano A. People’s perceptions about the availability and importance of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Zepern. & Timler: an anti-sickle-cell herbal in Burkina Faso, West Africa. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. 2024;16(2):23–31.
  3. Ouédraogo G.G., Ilboudo S., Ouédraogo S., Ouédraogo J.C.R.P., Somda G.D., Traore S., Belemnaba L., Ouédraogo N., Kini F.B., Lompo M., Guissou I.P., Ouédraogo S. Acute and subacute oral toxicity studies and anti-sickling activity assessment of FACA® syrup. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2020;10(5):40–50.
  4. Somda G.D., Ouédraogo G.G., Ilboudo S., Ouédraogo M., Guissou I. P., Ouédraogo N. In vivo mutagenicity and reproductive toxicity studies of the mixture of root bark powders from Calotropis procera and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloïdes. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2022;11(10):32–51.
  5. Diatta W., Sy G., Manga C., Diatta K., Fall A., Bassene E. Recherche des activités anti-inflammatoire et analgésique des extraits de feuilles de Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam) Zepernick et Timler (Rutaceae). International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2014;8(1):32-51.
  6. Nhiem N.X., Quan P.M., Van N.T.H. Alkaloids and their pharmacology effects from Zanthoxylum genus [Internet]. Intech. 2020;1-13.
  7. Okagu I.U., Ndefo J.C., Aham E.C., Udenigwe C.C. Zanthoxylum species: a review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology in relation to cancer, infectious diseases and sickle cell anemia. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021;12:1–18.
  8. Cissé S., Somboro A.A., Cissé M., Bouaré S., Tangara O., Dembélé N., Samaké D., Togola I. Contribution to the ethnobotanical and phytochemical study of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Waterman (Rutaceae) from Mali. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2022;12(6):10–15.
  9. Mapongmetsem P. M., Fawa G., Noubissie-Tchiagam J.B., Nkongmeneck B.A., Biaou S.S.H., Bellefontaine R. Vegetative propagation of Vitex doniana Sweet from root segment cuttings. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques. 2016;327(1):29–37.
  10. Mujike D.N., Meerts P., Lokoto B.M., Shutcha M. N. Four multipurpose species of the genus Vitex (Lamiaceae) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo show different responses to propagation techniques for nursery production. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques. 2023;357(3):43–56.
  11. Azizi A. Genetic, chemical and agro-morphological evaluation of the medicinal plant Origanum vulgare L. for marker assisted improvement of pharmaceutical quality [Internet]. Section Title: Pharmaceuticals. 2010;74.
  12. Murovec J., Eržen J.J., Flajšman M., Vodnik D. Analysis of morphological traits, cannabinoid profiles, THCAS gene sequences, and photosynthesis in wide and narrow leaflet high-cannabidiol breeding populations of medical cannabis. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2022;13(1):1–15.
  13. Sarapan A., Hodkinson T. R., Suwanphakdee C. Assessment of morphological, anatomical and palynological variation in the medicinal plant Disporopsis longifolia Craib (Asparagaceae) for botanical quality control. Plants. 2023;12(2):1–14.
  14. Ouédraogo W.J.C., Kini F.B., Belemnaba L., Ouédraogo S. Standardisation de la poudre des écorces de racine de Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides en vue de la production d’un phytomédicament anti-drépanocytaire pédiatrique. Journal de la Société Ouest-Africaine de Chimie. 2015;40(1):24–30.
  15. Guelbeogo S., Ouedraogo L., Ouedraogo T. H. Perception du risque d’inondation dans le bassin versant du Kou au Burkina Faso. Djiboul. 2021;3(5):584–599.
  16. Karambiri B.L.C.N., Gansaonre R.N. Variabilité spatio-temporelle de la pluviométrie dans les zones climatiques du Burkina Faso: cas de Bobo-Dioulasso, Ouagadougou et Dori. European Scientific Journal. 2023;19(9):262–283.
  17. Bene A., Fournier A. Végétation naturelle et occupation des terres au Burkina Faso (Afrique de l’ouest): cinq décennies de changement dans un terroir du pays sɛ̀mɛ̀. Langue, environnement, culture pluridisciplinaire et développement. 2014;143–164.
  18. Ouédraogo K., Dimobe K., Thiombiano A. Allometric models for estimating aboveground biomass and carbon stock for Diospyros mespiliformis in West Africa. Silva Fennica. 2020;54(1):1–24.
  19. Taonda A., Zerbo I., Traore I.C.E., Folega F., N’Guessan A.E., Kassi J.N.D., Thiombiano A. Allometric models for estimating aboveground biomass and carbon stocks of the semi-arid savanna woody species Detarium microcarpum Guill. et Perr. Scientific African. 2025;27(1):1–16.
  20. Directives OMS sur les bonnes pratiques agricoles et les bonnes pratiques de récolte (BPAR) relatives aux plantes médicinales. Organisation mondiale de la santé. 2003;:76.
  21. Singleton V.L., Orthofer R., Lamuela-Raventos R. M. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Methods in Enzymology. 1999; 299(1):152–178.
  22. Wagner H., Bladt S. Plant drug analysis: a thin layer chromatography atlas. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 1996, 368p.
  23. Akinyele A.O. Achieving sustainable development through silviculture: focus on tree domestication. Ibadan University Press. 2019;11(1):2–83. http://scioteca.caf.com/bitstream/handle/123456789/1091/RED2017-
  24. Milimol P.B., Dick M., Munro R.C. Domestication of trees in semi-arid East Africa: the current situation. NERC Open Research Archive. 1994;210–219.
  25. Bär A., Michaletz S.T., Mayr S. Fire effects on tree physiology. New Phytologist. 2019;223(4):1728–1741.
  26. Wu J., Wang J., Hui W., Zhao F., Wang P., Su C., Gong W. Physiology of plant responses to water stress and related genes: a review. Forests. 2022;13(2):1–16.
  27. Chada S., Kwaku A.S., Ofoe R., Abbey L. An overview of plant morpho-physiology, biochemicals, and metabolic pathways under water stress. Horticulture International Journal. 2023;7(4):115–125.
  28. Zhang Q.W., Lin L.G., Ye W.C. Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: a comprehensive review [Internet]. Chinese Medicine. 2018;13(20):1–26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-018-0177-x
  29. Berrill J.P., O’Hara K.L., Kichas N.E. Bark thickness in coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) varies according to tree and crown size, stand structure, latitude and genotype. Forests. 2020;11(6):1–16.
  30. Cywicka D., Jakóbik A., Socha J., Pasichnyk D., Widlak A. Modelling bark thickness for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and common oak (Quercus robur L.) with recurrent neural networks. PLoS One. 2022;17(11):1–17.
  31. Li N., Xu W.B., Yang B., Lai J.S., Lin D.M. The coarse root biomass of eight common tree species in subtropical evergreen forest. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2013;58(4):329–335.
  32. Lai J., Yang B., Lin D., Kerkhoff A. J., Ma K. The allometry of coarse root biomass – log-transformed linear regression or nonlinear regression? PLoS One. 2013;8(10):1–8.
  33. Burbach C., Markus K., Zhang Y., Schlicht M., Baluška F. Photophobic behavior of maize roots. Plant Signaling and Behavior. 2012;7(7):874–878.
  34. Van Gelderen K., Kang C., Pierik R. Light signaling, root development, and plasticity. Plant Physiology. 2018;176(2):1049–1060.
  35. Kundu A. Vanillin biosynthetic pathways in plants. Planta. 2017;245(6):1069–1078.
  36. Machado K.L. de G., Faria D.V., Duarte M.B.S., Silva L.A.S., de Oliveira T. R., Falcão T.C.A., Batista D.S., Costa M.G.C., Santa-Catarina C., Silveira V., Romanel E., Otoni W. C., Nogueira F.T.S. Plant age-dependent dynamics of annatto pigment (bixin) biosynthesis in Bixa orellana L. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2024;75(1):1390–1406.
  37. Delporte C., Noret N., Vanhaverbeke C., Hardy O. J., Martin J.F., Tremblay-Franco M., Touboul D., Gorel A., Faes M., Stévigny C., Van-Antwerpen P., Souard F. Does the phytochemical diversity of wild plants like the Erythrophleum genus correlate with geographical origin? Molecules. 2021;26(6):1–24.
  38. Ahmed S., Jamil S., Siddiqui M.U.A. Secondary metabolites: God-gifted arsenal for plants. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2024;13(1):38–43.
  39. Ogbemudia F.O., Thompson E.O. Variation in plants’ secondary metabolites and potential ecological roles: a review. International Journal of Modern Biology and Medicine. 2014;5(3):111–130.
  40. Sato F. Plant secondary metabolism. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. 2014;1–13.
  41. Whitehead S. R., Turcotte M. M., Poveda K. Domestication impacts on plant–herbivore interactions: a meta-analysis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 2017;372(1):1–9.
  42. Ku Y.S., Contador C.A., Ng M.S., Yu J., Chung G., Lam H.M. The effects of domestication on secondary metabolite composition in legumes. Frontiers in Genetics. 2020;11(1):1–20.
Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products
Volume 15, Issue 2
January and February 2026
Pages 255-261

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics