Cytogenetic Characterization and Comparative Karyotype Analysis of Iranian Ecotypes of Zataria multiflora Boiss.

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

2 Department of Natural Resources, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

Zataria multiflora Boiss. is a medicinally important plant endemic to Iran and neighboring regions. Despite its pharmacological significance, cytogenetic characteristics have remained unknown for this monotypic genus. This study presents the first comprehensive karyotype analysis of Z. multiflora, examining six ecotypes collected from different geographical regions of Iran (Arsanjan, Kavar, Darab, Sarvestan, Tabas, and Chupanan). Chromosome measurements were performed on four well-spread metaphase plates per ecotype. All ecotypes exhibited a consistent diploid chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 30, consistent with reports in closely related Thymus species. Although all ecotypes were classified within Stebbins’ highly symmetrical 1A category, significant differences in chromosomal morphometric parameters and quantitative asymmetry indices revealed measurable intraspecific variation in chromosome morphology and centromere position among the ecotypes. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis based on chromosome morphometric parameters and karyotype asymmetry indices revealed clear patterns of cytogenetic differentiation among ecotypes. PCA indicated that variables associated with intrachromosomal asymmetry contributed more strongly to karyotypic variation in Z. multiflora than interchromosomal size variation. Cluster analysis grouped ecotypes into two major clusters, separating more symmetrical ecotypes (Kavar and Sarvestan) from relatively asymmetric ones. This study establishes the first cytogenetic characterization of Z. multiflora and lays a foundation for future studies of chromosome variation, genome organization, and evolutionary relationships within the species.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products
Volume 16, Issue 2
March and April 2027
Pages 153-160

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