Treasuring the Ethno-botanical Knowledge of the Tribes across the Globe on Plant Toxins: A Review

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Program of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam, India

2 Program of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam, India

Abstract

Over the centuries, humans have harnessed various natural resources for survival, including plants and plant-derived products for trapping animals and pest control across the globe. Traditional knowledge systems-including Unani medicine, ancient Indian and Chinese medicinal practices, indigenous African ethnomedical traditions, as well as certain historical practices from early American and European societies-have documented the use of plant-derived toxins for purposes such as sedation, insect management, and animal capture. This review aims to explore the diverse traditional applications of 81 predominant plant species identified worldwide, focusing on their frequently used roles as fish poisons, insect repellents, and tools for capturing animals utilizing plant toxins. In Nepal, 6 plant species are used as fish poisons, while in Kenya, 3 species are used for hunting and bird trapping due to their potent toxins. China employs 4 species to create poisoned arrows for hunting, and Pakistan utilizes 12 species as fish poisons and 7 species as insect repellents and pest control agents. In India, 10 species serve as fish poisons and insecticides, with some also used to repel mosquitoes. The Andaman & Nicobar Islands, distinct from the mainland due to the presence of ancient indigenous tribes, use 11 species primarily for fishing and pest control. This investigation highlights the extensive traditional knowledge in these regions regarding the use of local flora for practical purposes in pest control, hunting, and fishing, underscoring the importance of these practices in local cultures and their potential applications in modern animal management strategies. The study reflects the field of ethno-botany, emphasizing the intersection of cultural knowledge and botanical science in understanding plant uses across different societies across the globe.

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References

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Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products
Volume 14, Issue 6
November and December 2025
Pages 525-533

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